Safe, efficient and environmentally-friendly fertilization method for after-wheat dry-cultivated direct-seeded japonica rice in northern Jiangsu area

Abstract

The invention discloses a safe, efficient and environmentally-friendly fertilization method for after-wheat dry-cultivated direct-seeded japonica rice in a northern Jiangsu area. The safe, efficient and environmentally-friendly fertilization method includes the followings specific steps: (1) only a compound fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer, and application of urea is prohibited; (2) theurea is applied as a fertilizer for a seed bed without water layer dressing; (3) heavy dressing of a panicle-spikelet fertilizer is performed, and N, P and K fertilizers are combined for application.The safe, efficient and environmentally-friendly fertilization method aims at the limitations such as a too-late date of seeding of the after-wheat dry-cultivated direct-seeded japonica rice in the northern Jiangsu area, insufficient water sources at the two ends before and after the growth period, poor basic soil strength and strong leakage of soil, and the defects such as low nitrogen utilization rate, pollution environment, frequent high temperature fertilizer damage, delayed head sprouting, remaining green lodging, and increased green and blighted granules of the fertilization technology in the prior art. The safe, efficient and environmentally-friendly fertilization method is used for the after-wheat dry-cultivated direct-seeded japonica rice, and uses the N fertilizer for fertilization. The safe, efficient and environmentally-friendly fertilization method strengthens the comprehensive management of water and fertilizers, mainly targets high coupling of nitrogen nutrients in timeand space, optimizes the operation of the fertilizers, and mainly targets ''early head sprouting and full grains'' to achieve the effects of increasing production and increasing efficiency and reducing nitrogen consumption.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of farming and cultivation, in particular to a safe, efficient and environment-friendly fertilization method for direct-seeding japonica rice after wheat in the northern Jiangsu area. Background technique [0002] The annual average temperature in northern Jiangsu is 14.0~14.4°C, the frost-free period is 220 days, and the annual solar radiation above 0°C is 415~425 kJ / cm 2 , the sunshine duration is 1880~2110h, the active accumulated temperature is 4600~4700℃; the rainfall is 850~985 mm but the distribution is extremely uneven, mainly concentrated in the summer flood season. There is a common saying in August that the ground leaks; the altitude in the northern Jiangsu Plain is only 1.5~13m, and the soil of cultivated land is mainly fluvo-aquic soil and Shajiang black soil, with poor soil fertility and strong leakage. [0003] Before 2000, rice accounted for only 55-59% of the autumn grain area in northern J...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

The fertilizer effect of urea that seeps below the root layer will be significantly delayed, and the deeper the urea finally stays, the more days the fertilizer effect will be delayed. Compared with the urea that stays in the root layer, the fertilizer effect time will be delayed by 5 to 35 days

Existing fertilization technology uses too much urea as base seedling fertilizer, and nitrogen fertilizer management is unreasonable: (1) Early rice plants are small, with few roots and shallow roots, weak absorption capacity for nitrogen nutrients, and low demand, and a large amount of nitrogen nutrients are either Ammonia is lost by volatilization, or keeps leaking downwards; (2) causing vigorous growth before heading, green leaves, and shaded groups, which in turn causes "two insects and two diseases" (rice planthopper, leaf roller, sheath blight (3) part of the lost nitrogen enters the ground and pollutes groundwater, and part of it enters rivers and lakes with surface runoff, causing eutrophication of the water body, which is not Rational application of nitrogen fertilizer and pesticides has become the main cause of agricultural non-point source pollution

[0006] (2) High-temperature fertilizer damage often occurs during hot summer

The reasons for this are: (1) The evaporation of the paddy field increased significantly, coupled with the strong soil leakage, the field surface water dropped rapidly to a thin water layer with a thickness of 1~2cm after topdressing, resulting in the temperature of the paddy field soil surface often exceeding 40 (2) Urea quickly converts to ammonium nitrogen, resulting in excessively high ammonium nitrogen concentration and total salinity on the paddy field soil surface; (3) Japonica rice plants are small, with few roots and shallow roots. , weak tolerance to high temperature and high salinity; (4) Ammonia volatilization directly causes leaf damage

[0007] (3) It often leads to delayed heading

Existing fertilization techniques reapply basal fertilizer and seedling fertilizer multiple times, and still apply a large amount of fertilizer until the 8th to 11th leaf stage, which leads to an increase of more than 0.3 leaves in the main stem of japonica rice and a delay of 3 In extreme cases, the total number of leaves on the main stem can increase by 1.2 pieces, and the full ear date can be delayed by more than 10 days

[0008] (4) The output is not high

The amount of nitrogen applied in the early stage of the existing fertilization technology accounts for more than 90% of the total amount of nitrogen applied, resulting in a large number of ineffective tillers, poor population structure, lodging in the later stage, loss of strength, premature aging, and many green grains, which eventually lead to low seed setting rate and thousand-grain weight. low output