Laser osteotomy assisted total knee replacement surgical robot

Abstract

The invention discloses a total knee replacement surgical robot assisted by laser osteotomy. The total knee replacement surgical robot comprises a control computer body. A core component of the robot is a laser cutting end effector. The robot further comprises a control computer body, a navigation positioner and a water spraying and air blowing auxiliary cutting device. The laser is a hard tissue laser which is different from a common laser light source and generates low heat during ablation of bone tissues; therefore, a laser beam with the diameter of only micron order of magnitude can conveniently perform accurate positioning and cutting depth control through computer control mechanical equipment, and can perform cutting in any geometrical shape, so that laser can perform more accurate osteotomy, less bone tissue is consumed during ablation cutting, and lower limb CT data of a patient can be acquired in advance; therefore, the cutting form is planned and designed before an operation, and a laser surgical robot is directly used for cutting after positioning during the operation, so that the time for installing an osteotomy guide plate in a traditional operation mode is saved; meanwhile, the medullary cavity is prevented from being damaged, and iatrogenic injury is reduced.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the related field of osteotomy instruments, in particular to a laser osteotomy-assisted total knee replacement surgery robot. Background technique [0002] Osteotomy is the most important and time-consuming step in total knee arthroplasty. At present, the most commonly used osteotomy method on the femoral side is to install an osteotomy guide to intercept the distal femoral cortex after intramedullary positioning, then reposition, and install "4 "Integrated Osteotomy Guide" to cut the remaining bone tissue; the tibial osteotomy is performed by installing an osteotomy guide after extramedullary positioning. The angle and accuracy of osteotomy directly affect the position, angle and soft tissue balance of the prosthesis. At present, Osteotomy mainly relies on mechanical devices for intramedullary and extramedullary positioning and then osteotomy. The operator decides the placement of the guide plate based on the bony landmarks, w...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0003] 1. The metal osteotomy guide plate assembly is complicated to install and is the most time-consuming step in the operation. When installing the guide plate, the intramedullary positioning will destroy the medullary cavity, causing large trauma, and the destruction of the medullary cavity may lead to serious complications such as fat embolism

[0004] 2. The saw blade itself is thick, and the metal guide rail cannot fully fit the saw blade, which will cause up and down swings. The farther away from the guide rail, the greater the osteotomy error caused by the up and down swing.

[0005] 3. At the same time, if the osteotomy guide plate is not replaced in time, the osteotomy slot will expand due to wear and tear, and the saw blade will swing up and down more. In addition to the unbalanced swing, the thickness of the osteotomy loss often exceeds 2mm, which reduces the accuracy of the osteotomy and is prone to osteotomy. The unevenness of the bone surface will cause the knee joint prosthesis to not fit with the osteotomy surface after installation, which will affect the postoperative effect

[0006] 4. The pendulum saw cuts the trabecular bone mechanically, which will cause the fine structure of the bone tissue on the cutting surface to be damaged. It will take a certain amount of time for the body to repair such damage, and it will inevitably cause medical problems in the principle of cutting. source of damage

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