Electrodialysis device and method for separating nitric acid and acetic acid

An electrodialysis, nitric acid technology, applied in electrodialysis, chemical instruments and methods, nitric acid and other directions, can solve the problems of low distribution coefficient and separation factor, complicated evaporation operation process, low separation efficiency, etc., to improve the purity and nitric acid recovery. efficiency, reducing energy consumption, and the effect of simple device structure

Pending Publication Date: 2022-05-27
CHINA INSTITUTE OF ATOMIC ENERGY
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
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  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0004] Existing methods for separating nitric acid / acetic acid mainly include rectification, acid-base neutralization and precipitation, extraction and separation, etc. The acid-base neutralization and precipitation method needs to introduce other ions and is likely to cause waste of resources; the method of destroying acetic acid requires high temperature Under high pressure, it is unfavorable for the post-treatment process; the crystallization method needs to be pre-treated to concentrate acetic acid; the AHA nitric acid aqueous solution will undergo an exothermic reaction when heated, and the pressure will increase, resulting in more complicated evaporation operations; The distribution coefficient and separation factor of acetic acid in nitric acid aqueous solution are not high, and organic waste liquid is produced at the same time
The separation process of these methods is complicated and the separation efficiency is not high, so it is necessary to provide a simple and efficient method to recover nitric acid to realize the recycling of nitric acid

Method used

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  • Electrodialysis device and method for separating nitric acid and acetic acid
  • Electrodialysis device and method for separating nitric acid and acetic acid

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0052] A sodium nitrate solution with an initial concentration of 0.5 mol / L was introduced into the anode compartment and the cathode compartment. The initial feed liquid is the mixed solution of 0.93mol / L nitric acid and 0.12mol / L acetic acid, the concentration of the nitric acid reflux liquid is 0.1mol / L, and the flow rate of the nitric acid reflux liquid is 0.5ml / min. At the beginning, a small amount of nitric acid (( The concentration is 0.1mol / L), the current is set to 1.2A, and the nitric acid product purity is 99.88%, the acetic acid product liquid purity is 64.19%, and the nitric acid recovery rate is 97.48% after energizing for 45 minutes.

Embodiment 2

[0054] A sodium nitrate solution with an initial concentration of 0.5 mol / L was introduced into the anode compartment and the cathode compartment. The initial feed liquid is the mixed solution of 0.93mol / L nitric acid and 0.12mol / L acetic acid, the concentration of the nitric acid reflux liquid is 0.5mol / L, and the flow rate of the nitric acid reflux liquid is 0.5ml / min. At the beginning, a small amount of nitric acid (( The concentration is 0.1mol / L), the current is set to 1.2A, and the nitric acid product purity is 99.89%, the acetic acid product liquid purity is 70.34%, and the nitric acid recovery rate is 97.33% after energizing for 40 minutes.

[0055] The electrodialysis device and method for separating nitric acid and acetic acid provided by the present invention utilizes the difference in ionization degree of nitric acid and acetic acid in aqueous solution and the difference in ion migration speed under an external electric field to separate nitric acid / acetic acid. Th...

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Abstract

The invention relates to an electrodialysis device and method for separating nitric acid and acetic acid, and belongs to the technical field of nuclear fuel aftertreatment. The method comprises the following steps: under the action of a direct-current electric field, nitrate ions and acetate ions in feed liquid do directional movement towards an anode step by step under the selective permeability action of multiple layers of anion exchange membranes; nitrate ions with higher migration rate are enriched on the side close to the anode, and acetate ions with lower migration rate are enriched on the side close to the cathode. According to the device and the method provided by the invention, nitric acid/acetic acid is separated by utilizing the ionization degree difference of nitric acid and acetic acid in an aqueous solution and the ion migration speed difference under an external electric field, the separation process is simple and safe, the purity of a nitric acid product is high, and no other byproducts are generated.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear fuel post-processing, in particular to an electrodialysis device and method for separating nitric acid and acetic acid. Background technique [0002] Nitric acid is an inorganic monobasic strong acid with strong oxidizing and corrosive properties. It is also an important chemical raw material and is widely used in industrial processes. At present, the nuclear fuel water reprocessing process at home and abroad is mainly completed in the nitric acid system. [0003] In recent years, as a new type of organic salt-free reagent, short-chain hydroxamic acid has attracted much attention in the application of spent fuel reprocessing process. In the Urex series process developed in the United States, acetohydroxamic acid (AHA) is used as a complexing agent. In the process, AHA is acidly hydrolyzed and radiolyzed to produce acetic acid, and the acetic acid and the remaining AHA from the reaction enter the ...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): B01D61/46B01D61/52C07C51/42C07C53/08C01B21/46
CPCB01D61/46B01D61/445B01D61/52C07C51/42C01B21/46C07C53/08Y02E30/30
Inventor 袁中伟葛晓晏太红郑卫芳孟响曹智白杨刘宁
Owner CHINA INSTITUTE OF ATOMIC ENERGY
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