Non-Natural Amino Acids

Abstract

This invention relates to non-natural desamino alkyl amino acid compounds, methods of making, and peptides containing these compounds as their N-terminus moieties. A preferred example is neurotensin (8-13) in which the N terminus is an alpha desamino, alpha methyl N,N dimethyl homolysine residue.

Description

CLAIM OF PRIORITY[0001]This patent document claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60 / 581,333, filed on Jun. 17, 2004, which is herein incorporated by reference.FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0002]This invention relates to non-natural desamino, alkyl amino acids, methods of making them, their utilization in peptides, and the therapeutic, diagnostic and screening use of those peptides.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0003]The influence that some non-natural amino acids have on the structural and biological activity of peptides has been briefly studied. For example, Moore et al. (Can. J. Biochem. 1978, 56, 315) disclosed the effect of the basic amino acid side chain length and the penultimate residue on the hydrolysis of benzoyldipeptides by carboxylicpeptidase B1 (CPB). Non-natural amino acids including homolysine and homoarginine were incorporated into small peptide chains, and the kinetic parameters were determined for the CPB catalyzed hydrolysis of the ...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0014]As used herein, the term “non-natural amino acid” refers to an organic compound that is a congener of a natural amino acid in that it has a structure similar to a natural amino acid so that it mimics the structure and reactivity of a natural amino acid. The non-natural amino acid as defined herein generally increases or enhances the properties of a peptide (e.g., selectivity, stability) when the non-natural amino acid is either substituted for a natural amino acid unit of a peptide or otherwise incorporated into a peptide.

[0059]The substitution of desamino, alkyl amino acid moiety for an arginine or lysine moiety of a biologically active peptide provides a truncated peptide having selective, long-lasting biological activity. Any known biologically active peptide having an arginine and / or lysine moiety within its amino acid sequence can serve as the basis for the corresponding truncated peptide. Beginning at that ARG or LYS moiety, the truncated peptide will have the same downstream sequence as the known, biologically active peptide but the upstream sequence will be absent. In addition, that ARG or LYS moiety will be exchanged for a desamino, alkyl amino acid moiety, thus providing the truncated peptide. Several known biologically active peptides are penultimately formed as pro-peptides with an arginine or lysine moiety at the pro-peptide or precursor cleavage position, or are formed as final peptides containing an arginine or lysine moiety at a position that can be cleaved to provide an active truncated peptide. Trypsin is an enzyme specific for such cleavage points. Examples include glucagon-like peptide, neurotensin, proinsulin, and thrombin. The truncated versions of these examples with a desamino, alkyl amino acid compound substituted for the arginine or lysine moiety provide selective, long-lasting biological activity.

Problems solved by technology

Inherent in the chemistry and biology of peptides, however, are several factors that also make them poor drug candidates.

In addition, most peptides are unable to cross biological membranes, including the small intestine and blood brain barrier (BBB).

Finally, peptides often bind to more than one receptor or receptor subtype, thus rarely showing the selectivity required of a viable drug candidate.

Other therapeutic compounds employ a prodrug moiety intended to modify its overall hydrophobicity, which can result in the compound crossing biological membranes.

While each of these strategies has been used to improve peptides as drug candidates, a universal solution for creating stable, receptor-selective peptides that cross biological barriers has not been discovered.

Images