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Heteroaromatic-based electrolytes for lithium and lithium-ion batteries

a lithium-ion battery and electrolyte technology, applied in the field of electrolyte for lithium and lithium-ion batteries, to achieve the effects of stable over a wide temperature range, excellent ionic conductivity, and low cos

Inactive Publication Date: 2012-03-29
UCHICAGO ARGONNE LLC
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0006]The composition can include one heteroaromatic compound or more than one. The heteroaromatic compound can be the exclusive organic solvent component of the electrolyte, or can be included in any proportion with one or more other solvent suitable for use in lithium and / or lithium-ion batteries, such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and the like. Preferred heteroaromatic compounds for use in the electrolyte compositions of the present invention are liquids at ambient room temperature, and are stable over a wide temperature range that may be encountered in lithium and lithium-ion batteries (e.g., −30 to +50° C.). The preferred heteroaromatic components typically have a wide range of electrochemical stability (e.g., 0 V to 5V), and exhibit excellent ionic conductivity. Many of the heteroaromatic components also are low cost, have relatively low toxicity, and relatively low flammability compared to many conventional electrolyte solvents.

Problems solved by technology

Recent advances in cathode and anode materials have refocused attention on electrolytes as the technological bottleneck limiting the operation and performance of lithium-battery systems.

Method used

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  • Heteroaromatic-based electrolytes for lithium and lithium-ion batteries
  • Heteroaromatic-based electrolytes for lithium and lithium-ion batteries
  • Heteroaromatic-based electrolytes for lithium and lithium-ion batteries

Examples

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example 1

[0069]An electrolyte composition designated as Gen2 was prepared, comprising 1.2 M LiPF6 in a 3:7 (w / w) mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) Electrolytes of the invention were prepared by adding about 0.3 wt % of either methyl picolinate (MP) or ethyl picolinate (EP) to the Gen2 electrolyte. The electrolytes were then evaluated in an electrochemical cell including a cathode comprising a 35 micron thick coating of Li0.08Co0.15Al0.05O2 on an aluminum collector plate, an anode comprising a 35 micron thick coating of 5 micron graphite particles on a copper collector plate, and a 25 micron CELGARD® 3501 separator membrane.

[0070]FIG. 6 is a plot of discharge capacity versus cycle number for electrochemical cells at 30° C. over a 3 to 4.1V range for the electrolytes containing 0.3 wt % of MP or EP compared to the Gen2 control. The 1st and seconds cycles were run at a C / 12 rate, and the next 50 cycles were run at a C / 4 rate. The results in FIG. 6 demonstrate t...

example 2

[0072]Electrolytes containing about 0.3 wt % of either MP, EP, methyl isonicotinate (MIN), or ethyl nicotinate (EN) added to the Gen2 electrolyte of Example 1 were evaluated in a cell of the same design as described in Example 1. FIG. 8 is a plot of discharge capacity versus cycle number for the electrochemical cells, which shows that addition of 0.3 wt % of the heteroaromatic additives to the Gen2 electrolyte improved the retention capacity relative to the Gen2 electrolyte. MIN provided the least initial capacity loss.

[0073]FIG. 9 is a plot of dQ / dV over a voltage range of about 1.8 to about 4.2 volts the cells, which shows that addition of 0.3 wt % of the heteroaromatic compounds to the Gen2 electrolyte induced significant changes between 1.8 V and 3V, indicating that reactions with graphite occurred.

[0074]FIG. 10 is a plot of AC impedance data for the electrochemical cells, which shows that addition of 0.3 wt % of the heteroaromatic compounds to the Gen 2 electrolyte did not sign...

example 3

[0075]Electrolytes containing about 0.3 wt % of MP added to the Gen2 electrolyte of Example 1 were evaluated in a cell of the same design as described in Example 1 with the formation cycle being run at about 30° C. or 55° C. FIG. 11 is a plot of discharge capacity versus cycle number for the electrochemical cells compared to the control Gen2 electrolyte. The results in FIG. 11 indicate that the initial capacity of the cell that included MP in the electrolyte increased when the formation cycle was performed at the higher temperature. Capacity improvement is indicative of improved electrode “wetting” by the electrolyte.

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Abstract

The present invention provides an electrolyte for lithium and / or lithium-ion batteries comprising a lithium salt in a liquid carrier comprising heteroaromatic compound including a five-membered or six-membered heteroaromatic ring moiety comprising carbon atoms and at least one heteroatom forming a neutral aromatic ring, the at least one heteroatom being selected from a Group V element (preferably N) and a Group VI element (preferably O or S), the heteroaromatic ring moiety bearing least one carboxylic ester or carboxylic anhydride substituent bound to at least one carbon atom of the heteroaromatic ring. Preferred heteroaromatic ring moieties include pyridine compounds, pyrazine compounds, pyrrole compounds, furan compounds, and thiophene compounds.

Description

CONTRACTUAL ORIGIN OF THE INVENTION[0001]The United States Government has rights in this invention pursuant to Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 between the United States Government and UChicago Argonne, LLC representing Argonne National Laboratory.FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0002]This invention relates to electrolytes for lithium and lithium-ion batteries. More specifically this invention relates to electrolytes comprising a heteroaromatic compound bearing a carboxylic ester or carboxylic anhydride substituent on the heteroaromatic moiety of the compound, which are useful in lithium and lithium-ion batteries.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0003]Recent advances in cathode and anode materials have refocused attention on electrolytes as the technological bottleneck limiting the operation and performance of lithium-battery systems. Attributes such as cell potential and energy density are related to the intrinsic property of the positive and negative electrode materials, while cell power density, c...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): H01M6/42H01M6/16
CPCH01M10/0525H01M10/0567H01M10/0568H01M2300/0028Y02E60/122H01M10/052H01M10/0569Y02E60/10
Inventor CHENG, GANGABRAHAM, DANIEL P.
Owner UCHICAGO ARGONNE LLC
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