2730results about How to "Wide temperature range" patented technology

The present invention provides a temperature control unit for an electrostatic adsorption electrode that is capable of controlling the wafer temperature rapidly over a wide temperature range without affecting in-plane uniformity while high heat input etching is conducted with high wafer bias power applied. A refrigerant flow path provided in the electrostatic adsorption electrode serves as an evaporator. The refrigerant flow path is connected to a compressor, a condenser, and a first expansion valve to form a direct expansion type refrigeration cycle. A second expansion valve is installed between the electrostatic adsorption electrode and the compressor to adjust the flow rate of a refrigerant. This makes it possible to compress the refrigerant in the refrigerant flow path of the electrostatic adsorption electrode and adjust the wafer temperature to a high level by raising the refrigerant evaporation temperature. Further, a thin-walled cylindrical refrigerant flow path is employed so that the thin-walled cylinder is deformed only slightly by the refrigerant pressure.

A display element of the present invention includes: a pair of substrates at least one of which is transparent; a medium layer, made of a medium sandwiched between the substrates 1 and 2, whose magnitude of an optical anisotropy is changed by applying an electric field; and at least a pair of electrodes applying to the medium layer an electric field which is substantially parallel to the substrates. The electrodes are provided above the substrate via insulating layers each of which is formed in a convex shape. Therefore, a maximal electric field region generated by the electrodes is separated from interfaces of the substrates.

The invention provides a nonaqueous electrolyte material, which consists of fluorosulfonylimide lithium and organic solvent with dielectric constant less than 30, and the organic solvent is selected from one or more of chain-like carbonate solvent, phosphate solvent, siloxane solvent, boroxane solvent, acetate solvent, propionate solvent, butyrate solvent, CF3OCH2CH2OCF3 solvent, C2H5OCH2CH2OCH3 solvent, C2F5OCH2CH2OCF3 solvent, 1,3-dioxolane solvent and aliphatic nitrile solvent with more than two carbon atoms. The ionic conductivity of the nonaqueous electrolyte material is 0.01mS/cm to 18mS/cm, the lithium ion transference number is tLi plus equal to 0.2 to 0.8, and the applicable temperature range is 80DEG C below zero to 60DEG C below zero. The invention also provides an application of the nonaqueous electrolyte material in the preparation of lithium batteries and super capacitors. Furthermore, the invention provides a lithium battery and a super capacitor which contain the nonaqueous electrolyte material of fluorosulfonylimide lithium.

The invention discloses lithium-enriched anti-perovskite sulfides and a solid electrolyte material. The general formula of the lithium-enriched anti-perovskite sulfides is (LimMn)3-xS1-y(XaYb)1-z, wherein m is more than 0 and less than or equal to 1, n is more than or equal to 0 and less than to 0.5, (m+n) is less than or equal to 1, a is more than 0 and less than or equal to 1, b is more than or equal to 0 and less than 1, (a+b) is less than or equal to 1, x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.5, y is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.5, z is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.5 and x=2y+z; M is H, Na, K, Rb, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Y, La, Ti, Zr, Zn, B, Al, Ga, In, C, Si, Ge, P, S or Se; and X is Fe, Cl, Br or I, and Y is a negative ion. The solid electrolyte material has high ion conductivity and thermal stability and a wide working temperature range, and can be applied to lithium ion batteries, rechargeable metal lithium batteries, lithium liquid flow batteries or lithium ion capacitors.

A self-healing material comprises a matrix embedded with micro-pockets of a healing-agent releasable by a crack in the matrix. The healing-agent is able to bond to the matrix to repair the crack. The healing-agent is contained in microcapsules. A corresponding catalyst for the healing-agent is embedded in the matrix and contained in a plurality of microcapsules as an emulsion. The emulsion comprises an oil, a perfluorated solvent, a hydrophobic ionic liquid, or mixtures thereof. A method of manufacturing the self-healing material comprises the steps of identifying an operational temperature range of the material, providing at least one substance as the healing-agent, which substance remaining substantially in a liquid state within the operational temperature range, identifying an operational evaporation rate of the healing-agent and providing the substance with a curing time according to the evaporation rate.

A rechargeable battery or cell is disclosed in which the electrode active material consists of at least one nonmetallic compound or salt of the electropositive species on which the cell is based, and the electrolyte or electrolyte solvent consists predominantly of a halogen-bearing or chalcogen-bearing covalent compound such as SOCl2 or SO2Cl2. Also disclosed are cell component materials which include electrodes that consist primarily of salts of the cell electropositive species and chemically compatible electrolytes. These latter electrolytes include several newly discovered ambient temperature molten salt systems based on the AlCl3-PCl5 binary and the AlCl3-PCl5-PCl3 ternaries.

The invention belongs to the field of high-temperature part detecting equipment, in particular to a test device for simulating and testing the thermal fatigue failure of a high-temperature part in real time. The device mainly comprises a high-temperature gas two-way heating system, a real-time temperature testing and collecting system, a cooling system, an ARAMIS non-contact three-dimensional deformation test system, a PCI-2 AE non-destructive detection system, a 1260+1296-type material electric property AC impedance spectroscopy test system, a test control platform and the like. The device can simulate the thermal fatigue work environment of alternating temperature cycle in a high-performance aircraft engine, and synchronously realize the real-time testing and the analysis to the sample temperature, temperature gradient, surface morphology image evolution, three-dimensional deformation field, three-dimensional displacement field, interfacial oxide layer and thickening law, thermal fatigue crack initiation and propagation, cooling gas flow and other data. The device can provide an important experimental platform for effectively evaluating the fatigue failure process and the failure mechanism of the high-temperature part in the high-temperature thermal cycle environment.

An electrostatic latent-image developing toner comprising: a core particle and a shell layer formed on an outer portion thereof, wherein the shell layer comprises a crystalline polyester resin having a softening point from 60 to 120° C. at 70 to 100% by weight of the entire shell-layer constituent resin, and an image-forming method using the toner.

The present invention includes methods and devices that detect target molecules in a biological sample. The sample analysis device of the present invention includes nanoparticles. In one embodiment, the nanoparticles are directly immobilized on the surface of the sample analysis device. In another embodiment, the nanoparticles are indirectly immobilized on the surface of the sample analysis device by incorporating them in appropriate media and immobilizing the nanoparticles within a matrix.

The invention provides a method for preparing a high-performance molybdenum-based hydrogen evolution electrode by phosphatizing a molybdate precursor and belongs to the fields of water electrolysis and electric catalytic hydrogen evolution in the chlor-alkali industry. The method comprises the steps of pre-processing foamed nickel, growing the molybdate precursor in situ on the surface of a pre-processed foamed nickel base with the hydrothermal synthesis method, and finally placing the prepared precursor and a phosphorus source into a rube furnace together for phosphating of the molybdate precursor so that the high-performance molybdenum-based hydrogen evolution electrode can be prepared. The method is novel, the technology adopted is simple, production cost is low, the requirement for equipment is low, and the method is suitable for industrial production. Furthermore, the electrode is large in specific area, can be combined with the base firmly, has excellent hydrogen evolution activity and stability, and can be widely applied to the fields of water electrolysis and hydrogen evolution in the chlor-alkali industry.

An electrical double-layer capacitor showing a sleight increase of resistance when used under continuous application of high voltage and maintaining high energy residual ratio after standing for a long time includes an electrode element including a pair of electrodes disposed opposite to each other with a separator interposed therebetween, and is impregnated with a nonaqueous electrolyte solution prepared by dissolving quaternary ammonium salts into cyclic carbonates and containing impurities of 30 ppm or less of glycols, 30 ppm or less of primary alcohols and less than 20 ppm of tertiary amines. The water content may be 50 ppm or less. The quaternary ammonium salt may be triethylmethylammonium tetrafluoroborate. The cyclic carbonate may be propylene carbonate. The nonaqueous electrolyte solution may have a concentration of 0.1 to 2.5 mol/liter. The electrode may be a polarizable electrode composed of activated carbon.

This invention is a method of assembling precision optical or optomechanical components that provides first and second components having respective first and second polished contacting surfaces to be bonded; generates a hydrophilic surface on at least a portion of at least one of the first or second surfaces; rinses the hydrophilic portion with water or another suitable solvent; and contacts the hydrophilic portion of the first or second components with the respective contacting surfaces to be bonded, while maintaining alignment of the two components, to form a single structure

A liquid crystal compound represented by formula (1), a liquid crystal composition comprising the compound, and a liquid crystal display device comprising the composition:

For example, R¹ is alkyl having 1 to 20; ring A¹, ring A², ring A³, ring A⁴, ring A⁵, and ring A⁶ are 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene; Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴, Z⁵, and Z⁶ is a single bond; X¹ is hydrogen or halogen; l, m, n, o, p, and q are 0 or 1, and l+m+n+o+p+q is 3.

It is an object to manufacture a highly reliable backlight device with less color unevenness and less luminance unevenness, and a high-performance and highly reliable display device including the backlight device, which can display a high quality image. A light emitting diode (LED) is used as a light source of a backlight device and thermoelectric elements are provided in a chassis for holding the light emitting diode so as to surround the light emitting diode (the thermoelectric elements are provided under the light emitting diode and on the four sides thereof). A temperature in the backlight device is adjusted by cooling and heating by the thermoelectric elements.

Such a liquid crystal compound is provided that has stability to heat, light and so forth, has a nematic phase in a wide temperature range, has a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, and suitable elastic constants K₃₃ and K₁₁ (K₃₃: bend elastic constant, K₁₁: splay elastic constant), and has suitable negative dielectric anisotropy and excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds. A liquid crystal composition containing the liquid crystal compound, and a liquid crystal display device containing the liquid crystal composition are also provided.

The liquid crystal compound is represented by one of formulas (a) to (d), the liquid crystal composition contains the liquid crystal compound, and the liquid crystal display device contains the liquid crystal composition:

wherein Ra and Rb are independently linear alkyl or linear alkoxy, rings A¹, A², B and C are independently trans-1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene, Z¹¹, Z¹², Z² and Z³ are independently a single bond or alkylene, and one of X₁ and X₂ is fluorine, and the other thereof is chlorine.

An optical fiber assembly comprises an optical fiber having a forward end, a ferrule supporting the optical fiber, a beam expanding element aligned with the forward end of the optical fiber, and a thermal expansion compensation element adjacent the optical fiber to compensate for thermal expansion differences between the optical fiber and the ferrule.

A catalyst that oxidizes carbon monoxide includes a bimetal consisting of platinum and a transition metal in a bimetallic phase that is loaded on γ-alumina support. The catalyst is manufactured by uniformly mixing a platinum precursor, a transition metal precursor, and γ-alumina (γ-Al₂O₃) in a dispersion medium to provide a mixture; drying the mixture; calcining the dried mixture; and reducing the calcined dried mixture. Since the catalyst that oxidizes carbon monoxide has high reaction activity even at low temperature and excellent reaction selectivity, and a methanation reaction and reoxidization do not occur, and the catalyst can effectively eliminate carbon monoxide in the fuel.

The invention discloses a measurement method for estimating actual available capacity by an SOC (state of charge) of a power battery set, belonging to the technical field of management of a power battery or the power battery set. The measurement method aims at solving a problem of high uniformity difference of the battery sets in an electric vehicle and a hybrid vehicle when in use, and to provide the measurement method for estimating the actual available capacity by the SOC of the power battery set. The actual available capacity of the power battery set is determined by monitoring voltages of batteries in the power battery set in charging and discharging processes according to situations that a highest voltage reaches an upper limit cut-off voltage in the charging process and a lowest voltage reaches a lower limit cut-off voltage in the discharging process, and actual charging and discharging cut-off voltages of the power battery set can be determined. A test proves that the actual available capacity of the batteries is determined by the measurement method and the batteries in the power battery set are good in voltage uniformity. The measurement method is suitable for measuring the actual available capacity of the power set in the electric vehicle and the hybrid vehicle.

It is to provide a silica glass containing TiO₂, having a wide temperature range wherein the coefficient of thermal expansion is substantially zero.

A silica glass containing TiO₂, which has a TiO₂ concentration of from 3 to 10 mass %, a OH group concentration of at most 600 mass ppm and a Ti³⁺ concentration of at most 70 mass ppm, characterized by having a fictive temperature of at most 1,200° C., a coefficient of thermal expansion from 0 to 100° C. of 0±150 ppb/° C., and an internal transmittance T_400-700 per 1 mm thickness in a wavelength range of from 400 to 700 nm of at least 80%. A process for producing a silica glass containing TiO₂, which comprises porous glass body formation step, F-doping step, oxygen treatment step, densification step and vitrification step.

This invention relates to light guide devices and methods of manufacture. The light guide device is suitable for use in a range of applications, particularly in connection with the backlighting of displays, for example, liquid crystal displays.

The invention discloses a testing device for simulation and real-time detection of erosion of thermal barrier coatings of turbine blades, belonging to the field of simulation devices in a special service environment. The testing device comprises an erosion particle feeding system, a test testing platform (1), a temperature test system, an acoustic emission nondestructive testing system, a control platform and the like. An erect fixed shaft (101) is arranged on the test testing platform (1) and is connected with a horizontal supporting shaft. The testing device can be used for simulating the erosion service environment in which hard particles in a high-performance aero-engine repeatedly impact thermal barrier coatings of turbine blades due to the driving of airflow. By controlling the parameters such as erosion speed, angle, size and the like of erosion particles, the process that the coatings are eroded by different hard particles in the service process is realized and the real-time test and analysis of data, such as the temperature, the surface topography evolution, the interfacial oxidation of a sample and the like can be synchronously realized. The device can provide an important test platform for effectively assessing the erosion failure process and the failure mechanism of coatings of turbine blades in the special service environment.

A display element of the present invention includes: a pair of substrates which are opposed to each other; and a substance layer, which is sandwiched between the substrates, exhibiting an optical isotropy when no electric field is applied, while exhibiting an optical anisotropy when an electric field is applied, and the display element performs display operation by applying an electric field to between the substrates. The substance layer includes a liquid crystalline medium exhibiting a nematic liquid crystal phase, and it is Δn×|Δ∈|≧1.9, where Δn is a refractive index anisotropy at 550 nm in a nematic phase of the liquid crystalline medium, and |Δ∈| is an absolute value of a dielectric anisotropy at 1 kHz in the nematic phase of the liquid crystalline medium. The display element and a display device including the display element realize a fast response speed and a low driving voltage and driving in a wide temperature range.