The invention discloses a lithium ion battery with improved low temperature charge and discharge performances. A positive material of the lithium ion battery comprises, by mass, 45-47% of a nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material, 45-47% of lithium manganate, 3-5% of polyvinylidene fluoride, 0.5-1% of conductive carbon black, 1-3% of vapor grown carbon fibers, and 0.5-1.5% of carbon nanotubes. A negative material of the lithium ion battery comprises, by mass, 63-66% of artificial modified graphite, 28-30% of soft carbon, 0.5-1% of conductive carbon black, 0.5-1% of vapor grown carbon fibers, 0.5-1% of carbon nanotubes, 1-2% of carboxymethylcellulose and 2-3% of styrene-butadiene rubber. A diaphragm of the lithium ion battery is a ceramic diaphragm. An electrolyte of the lithium ion battery comprises an electrolyte and a solvent. The electrolyte is lithium hexafluorophosphate. The electrolyte has a lithium hexafluorophosphate concentration of 1-1.2mol / L. The solvent is prepared from ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, gamma-butyrolactone, methyl acetate and propylene carbonate according to a mass-to-volume ratio of (1-2): (1-2): (0.1-0.3): (0.3-0.5): (0.1-0.3). The lithium ion battery has low internal resistance and good charging and discharging capability in a low temperature state.