Hot oil circulating and cold quenching fixed bed Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a fixed bed Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor, which mainly comprises a reactor shell, a heat exchange element, a catalyst bed layer, a gas inlet guide pipe and a gas outlet guide pipe, wherein the bottom of the catalyst bed layer is provided with a lower plate, and an upper plate is arranged above the catalyst bed layer. The reactor is characterized in that: a free expansion space is reserved between the initially filled catalyst bed layer and the upper plate; and the reactor is provided with a hot oil circulating system, a light oil quenching system and a quenching gas quenching system which are used for adjusting and controlling the temperature of a reaction bed layer. The invention also discloses a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis method, which is carried out in the fixed bed reactor. By the equipment and the method, a reaction environment of enhancing heat transfer and mass transfer is formed in direct and indirect heat transfer modes, the problem of recycling reaction heat in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction is effectively solved, and the aim of improving fixed bed Fischer-Tropsch synthesis production capacity is fulfilled.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a fixed-bed Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor and a method for applying the reactor to carry out Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Specifically, the reactor is a reactor with a hot oil circulation system, a light oil quenching system and a cold air Finite-expansion fixed-bed Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor with chilled shock system. Background technique [0002] With the increase of demand for liquid fuels based on petroleum and the reduction of available reserves of petroleum resources, the method of producing usable liquid fuels from solid fuels such as coal has attracted more and more attention. [0003] As an energy process, the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process has been continuously developed for nearly a century, and its main feature is the comprehensive technology development around catalysts and reactors to improve process efficiency and reduce costs. In terms of reactors, early (1920-1940s) research and development have de...

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Problems solved by technology

However, up to now, there are several problems in the industrialized fixed-bed Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactors as follows: (1) Due to the limitations of heat transfer and mass transfer in traditional fixed-bed reactors, the production capacity of the catalyst cannot be maximized. (2) The enlargement of a single reactor has been severely restricted by the structure; (3) The resistance of the reactor increases, and the problem of broken catalyst affects the long-term operation of the system; (4) The catalyst particles should not be too small, and the catalyst particles The mass transfer within the catalyst makes it difficult to play (Yi-Ning Wang et al. Chemical Engineering Science, 2003, 58, 867-875; Ing. Eng. Chem. Res., 2001, 40, 4324-4335)

[0005] US Pat.No.6262131B1 describes a fixed-bed Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor using a structured catalyst block and its enhanced mass transfer and heat transfer operation process. Due to restrictions on the physical shape of the catalyst, the solution requires It is difficult to prepare a catalyst block with parallel tube pores, and the porosity is greater than 0.4. Therefore, it is not suitable for many Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalysts; in addition, this enhanced operation method introduces a larger, statically stacked structured catalyst block , the problem of increasing the transfer limitation has not been effectively solved; the biggest problem brought about by the design scheme of the synthesis gas reactant mixed with saturated liquid hydrocarbons entering the reactor is that it greatly limits the production capacity of the reactor, and at the same time has a negative effect on the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis The large amount of reaction heat generated has not been well utilized, therefore, the design scheme of this patent has basically no value of implementation

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