Preparation method for energy-saving biological straw feed

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method for an energy-saving biological straw feed. The preparation method comprises the following steps: combining 35-45 percent of maize straw, 8-13 percent of bran, 8-12 percent of maize, 8-10 percent of wheat shorts, 10-12 percent of soybean meal and 16-18 percent of rapeseed dregs to form dry materials; mixing the dry materials with water and uniformly stirring; sterilizing the mixture at high pressure and inoculating the mixture to a microorganism according to the inoculum size which accounts for 10-40 percent of the weight of raw materials; meanwhile, adding 0.5-2 FPU (Filter Paper Unit) / g cellulase; and carrying out solid-stage fermentation at the temperature of 28-45DEG C for 36-72 hours to obtain a finished straw feed, wherein the maize straw is subjected to multistage cyclone grinding and crushing until the granularity is 200-300 meshes and the microorganism is preferably a mixture of bacillus subtilis and pediococcus pentosaceus. The preparation method disclosed by the invention is simple in process and is short in fermentation period; the maize straw prepared by the preparation method can replace maize components with high proportion in pig feed; and the prepared feed has the advantages of remarkable acid fragrance, favorable palatability, high lactic acid content, more beneficial variable counts, high activity of cellulase, high degradation rate of cellulose and hemicellulose and favorable safety.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of animal feed, and in particular relates to a method for preparing straw feed by using corn straw as a main raw material and utilizing microbial fermentation. Background technique [0002] my country is a large agricultural country, and crop straw is an important biological resource because of its large output, wide distribution and variety. According to statistics, in 2010, the total output of straw in my country was about 700 million tons. However, these straw resources have not been rationally developed and utilized for a long time. With the transformation of agricultural production methods and the improvement of rural living conditions, the phenomenon of random discarding and burning of straw is serious, which not only wastes resources but also pollutes the environment. Therefore, accelerating the comprehensive utilization of straw is conducive to alleviating resource constraints and reducing environm...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

However, due to the lack of sufficient understanding of straw structure and efficient microbial breeding, the straw feed produced by this technology is limited to ruminants and difficult to promote production. The main problems are as follows:

[0006] (1) Straw lacks pretreatment before fermentation or only adopts simple physical treatment such as forging or crushing, which cannot effectively break the straw structure, and the degradation rate of cellulose and hemicellulose is low

Patent CN03105080 uses multi-strain combined anaerobic fermentation to produce straw protein feed. Straw is forged into 3-5cm or crushed into 20 meshes. The crushing particle size is difficult to break the straw structure and can not greatly improve the nutritional content of straw

[0007] (2) The number or types of microorganisms used in fermentation are too many, resulting in cumbersome production process, long fermentation cycle, difficult product quality control and low production efficiency

Patent CN98110370 discloses a straw feed fermentation process, the process involves lactic acid bacteria, yeast, biomimetic flora (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Trichoderma and Candida) and other fermenting microorganisms, fermented at 30-40°C for 10-15 Days to obtain fermented feed, complex process

[0008] (3) Microorganisms used in fermentation do not have the ability to degrade cellulose and hemicellulose, and cannot effectively improve the metabolic energy of straw, and the utilization rate of straw is low

Patent CN200810016743 Soak the straw crushed to 2-3cm in the yeast culture solution for 9 hours to ferment, but the yeast does not have the enzyme system to degrade cellulose and hemicellulose

[0009] (4) The safety of microorganisms used in fermentation is uncertain, and may be harmful bacteria or molds

Trichoderma reesei involved in the feed starter disclosed in patent CN200510066003 and patent CN201010561969 does not belong to the feed additive catalog of the Ministry of Agriculture, and its safety cannot be determined

[0010] (5) The lactic acid content of the prepared straw feed is low, the number of viable probiotic bacteria is low, the palatability is poor, the feeding effect is not good, and the grain saving effect is not significant