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Fluid extraction of metal and/or metalloid

A metalloid, extraction technology, applied in solid solvent extraction, solvent extraction, preparation/processing of rare earth metal compounds, etc., can solve the problems of low solubility of metals and other non-organic substances, weak van der Waals force, and low metal ion efficiency.

Inactive Publication Date: 2002-04-17
IDAHO RESARCH FOUNDATION INC
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0006] The supercritical extraction of environmental wastes has not been reported before, which may be due to the relatively low solubility of metals and other non-organic substances in supercritical fluids
For example, direct extraction of metal ions by supercritical carbon dioxide is inefficient due to weak van der Waals forces between metal ions and carbon dioxide
This weak effect significantly inhibits efforts to extract metals from environmental waste using supercritical fluids

Method used

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  • Fluid extraction of metal and/or metalloid
  • Fluid extraction of metal and/or metalloid
  • Fluid extraction of metal and/or metalloid

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

Embodiment I

[0094] This embodiment illustrates the method for a large amount of and continuous SFE extraction, see figure 1 The extraction apparatus shown. figure 1 The larger extraction unit includes a feedstock source 20 of supercritical carbon dioxide, which directly extracts copper ions from an aqueous solution. Supercritical CO from the high-pressure syringe pump 22 2 Conveyed through solid sodium bis(trifluoroethyl)dithiocarbamate (FDDC), contained in a high pressure extractor 24 of stainless steel. Subsequently, supercritical CO containing dissolved FDDC 2 Introduced into a second extractor 26, which is equipped with a quartz window and contains less than SCF CO 2 Cu(NO 3 ) 2 Aqueous solution 28. Soluble in CO with the formation 2 The complex of Cu(FDDC) 2 , to monitor Cu extraction by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Cu(FDDC) 2 The structure is as follows.

[0095] right figure 1 For a large extraction system, the mixing of the water phase and the supercritical fluid phase can be...

Embodiment II

[0099] This example illustrates a method for the extraction of metals and / or metalloids from solid matrices. The same equipment used in Example 1 was used to extract the copper ions adsorbed on the solid substrate. At this point, it will be adsorbed on silica (SiO 2 ) on solid Cu(NO 3 ) 2 Place in a second extractor. Then, supercritical carbon dioxide containing dissolved ligand FDDC was added thereto. Cu(FDDC) dissolved in supercritical carbon dioxide 2 to monitor the extraction rate. The initial extraction rate is still very fast. After about 20 minutes, the carbon dioxide phase was saturated with dissolved metal complexes. At this time, about 80% of the copper ions can be dissolved in the final fluid density of 0.55g / cm 3 is extracted.

[0100] In Examples I and II, the metal chelate is completely obtained by precipitation from supercritical carbon dioxide by reducing the pressure of the system. It can also be seen that the present invention can be used to recover...

Embodiment III

[0103] This example describes the use of fluorinated chelating agents for SFE according to the present invention. When implementing the above-mentioned extraction method, it is found that the solubility of the metal chelate in supercritical carbon dioxide will be enhanced after the fluorination of the chelating agent is combined. It has been found that fluorination of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) to form sodium bis(trifluoroethyl)dithiocarbamate or lithium (FDDC) increases the concentration of metal diethyldithiocarbamate. The solubility is at least 3 orders of magnitude. For example, Cu(DDC) 2 The solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide measured by UV-visible light is (1.1±0.2)×10 -6 mol / L. After fluorinating the terminal methyl group of DDC, Cu(FDDC) 2 The solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide is (9.1±0.3)×10 -4 mol / L. Another example of increased solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide is obtained with acetylacetonate (ACAC) of the β-diketone. Cu(AC...

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Abstract

A method of extracting metalloid and metal species from a solid or liquid material by exposing the material to a supercritical fluid solvent containing a chelating agent is described. The chelating agent forms chelates that are soluble in the supercritical fluid to allow removal of the species from the material. In preferred embodiments, the extraction solvent is supercritical carbon dioxide and the chelating agent is a fluorinated beta -diketone. In especially preferred embodiments the extraction solvent is supercritical carbon dioxide, and the chelating agent comprises a fluorinated beta -diketone and a trialkyl phosphate, or a fluorinated beta -diketone and a trialkylphosphine oxide. Although a trialkyl phosphate can extract lanthanides and actinides from acidic solutions, a binary mixture comprising a fluorinated beta -diketone and a trialkyl phosphate or a trialkylphosphine oxide tends to enhance the extraction efficiencies for actinides and lanthanides. The method provides an environmentally benign process for removing contaminants from industrial waste without using acids or biologically harmful solvents. The method is particularly useful for extracting actinides and lanthanides from acidic solutions. The chelate and supercritical fluid can be regenerated, and the contaminant species recovered, to provide an economic, efficient process.

Description

Field of the invention [0001] The present invention relates to a method for extracting metalloids and metals from solids and liquids, and more particularly to a treatment method for effectively extracting metals from waste. Background of the invention [0002] Waste treatment and disposal are serious social and economic issues. The global industry spends vast sums of money to reduce the biological hazards of environments exposed to toxic substances. A particular environmental problem is the removal of toxic metals and radioisotopes from solid or liquid industrial waste. Such contaminants can be removed from the soil by, for example, treating the soil with an acid that dissolves the metal. The acid dissolution process is followed by selective precipitation, electrowinning or solvent extraction. Unfortunately, the acid dissolution process is non-specific and often produces numerous by-products which, in their own right, pose serious environmental prob...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): B01D11/00B01D11/02B01D11/04B08B7/00B09C1/02C01F17/17C01F17/276C01G43/00C02F1/62C22B3/16C22B3/24C22B3/26C22B3/32C22B3/38C22B7/00G21F9/12
CPCC22B3/0024Y10S210/912G21F9/125B01D11/0403B09C1/02B01D11/0407B08B7/0021C22B3/0068C01F17/0006C22B3/0021C22B3/1641B01D11/0203B01D11/0288B01D11/0492Y02P10/20Y02P20/54C01F17/276C01F17/17C22B3/306C22B3/32C22B3/3846B01D11/04B01D11/02C22B3/00
Inventor 奇恩·M·瓦
Owner IDAHO RESARCH FOUNDATION INC
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