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Electrolyte for inhibiting growth of lithium dendrites and lithium battery

An electrolyte and lithium dendrite technology, which is applied in the field of electrolyte and lithium batteries, can solve problems such as poor safety, poor cycle performance, and low Coulombic efficiency, and achieve the goals of improving performance, inhibiting the growth of dendrites, and reducing side reactions Effect

Pending Publication Date: 2019-11-05
SOUTH CHINA UNIV OF TECH
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a new type of lithium metal negative electrode and a matching positive electrode material protection against the problems of poor cycle performance, low Coulombic efficiency, and poor safety caused by dendrite growth during the cycle process. Electrolyte additives can effectively inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites, improve the efficiency of lithium deposition and dissolution, and then improve the cycle stability and safety of lithium metal batteries

Method used

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  • Electrolyte for inhibiting growth of lithium dendrites and lithium battery
  • Electrolyte for inhibiting growth of lithium dendrites and lithium battery
  • Electrolyte for inhibiting growth of lithium dendrites and lithium battery

Examples

Experimental program
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Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0027] Under the protection of argon gas, mix DOL and DME at a volume ratio of 1:1, add LiTFSI at a lithium salt concentration of 1 mol / L, stir to obtain a LiTFSI / (DOL+DME) solution, and then add the additive LiI, where LiI The mass fraction is 2%. Stir fully to make LiTFSI / (DOL+DME) functional electrolyte containing additives.

[0028] The metal lithium negative electrode was assembled into Li||Cu battery with LiTFSI / (DOL+DME) solution and LiTFSI / (DOL+DME) functional electrolyte as electrolyte, PP as separator, and copper foil. The test found that the current The density is 0.5 mA / cm 2 , The deposition capacity is 1 mAh / cm 2 Under conditions, the Coulomb efficiency of Li||Cu batteries containing LiI additives is still 98% after 200 cycles (see figure 1 ). Using LiTFSI / (DOL+DME) solution and LiTFSI / (DOL+DME) functional electrolyte as electrolytes, they were assembled into Li||Li symmetrical batteries, at a current density of 0.5 mA / cm 2 , The deposition capacity is 1 mAh / cm 2 Und...

Embodiment 2

[0030] Under the protection of argon gas, mix EC and DMC at a volume ratio of 1:1, and add LiPF at a lithium salt concentration of 1 mol / L 6 , Stir into LiPF 6 / (EC+DMC) solution, then add additive LiI, where the mass fraction of LiI is 2%, stir fully to make LiPF with additive LiI 6 / (EC+DMC) Functional electrolyte.

[0031] The lithium metal negative electrode was prepared with LiPF 6 / (EC+DMC) solution and LiPF 6 / (EC+DMC) The functional electrolyte is electrolyte, PP is diaphragm, and it is assembled with copper foil to form Li||Cu battery. The test found that the current density of Li||Cu battery with additives is 0.5 mA / cm 2 , The deposition capacity is 1 mAh / cm 2 Under the same conditions, the coulombic efficiency is still 94% after 80 cycles; while the Li||Cu battery composed of electrolyte without additives is only 61.2% after 80 cycles of the electrolyte under the same conditions. Example 1 figure 1 ). Respectively prepared LiPF 6 / (EC+DMC) solution and LiPF 6 / (EC+DMC) ...

Embodiment 3

[0033] Under the protection of argon gas, mix DOL and DME at a volume ratio of 1:1, and add LiCF at a lithium salt concentration of 1 mol / L 3 SO 3 , Stir into a homogeneous solution to obtain LiCF 3 SO 3 / (DOL+DME) solution, then add additives LiCl and LiNO 3 , The mass fraction of LiCl is 1%, LiNO 3 The mass fraction is 2%, and the mixing is sufficient to use LiCF with additives 3 SO 3 / (DOL+DME) Functional electrolyte.

[0034] The lithium metal negative electrode, respectively, with LiCF 3 SO 3 / (DOL+DME) solution and LiCF 3 SO 3 / (DOL+DME) The functional electrolyte is electrolyte, PP is diaphragm, which is assembled with copper foil to form Li||Cu battery. The test found that the current density is 2 mA / cm 2 , The deposition capacity is 4 mAh / cm 2 Under the same conditions, the Coulomb efficiency of the Li||Cu battery with additives is still 93% after 40 cycles; while the Li||Cu battery without additives is cycled for 40 cycles under the same conditions. Only 83.4% (refer to E...

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Abstract

The invention discloses an electrolyte for inhibiting the growth of lithium dendrites and a lithium battery. The electrolyte comprises an additive, a lithium salt and an organic solvent. The additiveincludes at least one in the group consisting of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, lithium bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium fluoroborate, trilithium hexafluoroaluminate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium fluoride, lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium nitrate, lithium polysulfide, lithium nitride, lithium phosphide, lithium oxalateborate, lithium oxide, lithium sulfite, lithium sulfate, lithium acetate, lithium hydroxide and lithium oxalate, and the lithium salt is different from the additive. According to the lithium battery containing an additive, a layer of solid electrolyte membrane can be formed on a surface of the lithium metal negative electrode during charge and discharge, and the polymerization of the electrolyte can be induced to form an oligomer which covers a surface of a lithium negative electrode and a surface of a positive electrode material matched with the lithium negative electrode. The protective layer can effectively inhibit the growth of the lithium dendrites, and therefore, the safety performance of the battery is improved.

Description

Technical field [0001] The invention relates to the field of lithium metal battery negative electrode materials and electrochemistry, in particular to an electrolyte and a lithium battery that inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites. Background technique [0002] In recent years, under the dual effects of the increasing depletion of traditional fossil energy sources and environmental protection, the development and application of lithium-ion batteries has risen to a new stage. Especially the rapid development of electric vehicles has made power batteries the focus of attention of the country, large enterprises and various scientific research institutions. At present, the energy density of lithium-ion battery systems with graphite as the negative electrode has reached its bottleneck. And the theoretical specific capacity of the negative electrode is only 372 mAh / g, and there is still a large capacity loss during the first charge and discharge process, and its electrochemical perf...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): H01M10/0567H01M10/0568H01M10/42H01M10/0525H01M10/0569
CPCH01M10/0567H01M10/0568H01M10/4235H01M10/0525H01M10/0569Y02E60/10
Inventor 熊训辉王钢范梦娜马向东罗煜翔杨成浩
Owner SOUTH CHINA UNIV OF TECH
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