Heavy oil cracking gasification device and heavy oil cracking gasification method

Abstract

The invention discloses a heavy oil cracking gasification device and a heavy oil cracking gasification method. The device comprises a heavy oil atomization feeding system, a heavy oil cracking system,a gasification system and a material returning system. According to the invention, according to the heavy oil atomization feeding system, through a special structural form, the local resistance during gas-liquid mixing is reduced, the gas-liquid acting area is increased, a uniformly mixed gas-liquid two-phase flow is formed, and after the material leaves a spraying nozzle, destabilizing breakingis performed under the action of internal and external pressure difference to form mist drops; heavy oil entering the heavy oil cracking system is rapidly fluidized, cracked and coked under a hydrogen-rich condition, so that the yield of heavy oil is increased by more than 50%, and petroleum coke generated in the gasification system is consumed to generate high-calorific-value synthesis gas; a newtechnical route for heavy inferior oil treatment is provided, so that the conversion rate of heavy oil is increased, and petroleum coke is not generated and is converted into high-calorific-value synthesis gas; and the device has strong adaptability, and has good industrial prospect and economic benefit.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a heavy oil cracking device and method, in particular to a heavy oil cracking gasification device and method. Background technique [0002] With the rapid growth of the national economy, on the one hand, domestic crude oil production can no longer meet the production requirements, resulting in an increasing dependence on imported crude oil in my country, which has exceeded 70% at present. The shortage of oil resources has become a major energy problem. On the other hand, The consumption of refined oil has risen sharply, and the development of unconventional oil resources such as heavy oil, extra heavy oil, and asphalt has also attracted people's attention. The deep processing and utilization of oil resources is more important in our country. How to efficiently and reasonably process low-quality heavy oil resources to produce clean energy that meets international standards has become a major technical problem that researchers at ...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

For the hydrogenation process, most of the hydrogenation technologies at home and abroad are aimed at distillate oil, using mature high hydrogen pressure, high hydrogen consumption fixed bed process technology, through hydrofining and hydrotreating to produce clean fuel oil, heavy oil hydrogenation adopts The general pressure of the suspended bed hydrogenation process is as high as 20MPa. The hydrogenation process has the disadvantages of high technical requirements for equipment, poor equipment matching, high investment, and low efficiency.

[0004] For the decarbonization process, due to the characteristics of low-quality heavy oil with high polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content, high C / H ratio, high viscosity and density, high heteroatom and heavy metal content, and easy condensation to generate coke, the existing heavy oil processing Most technologies are difficult to meet the requirements of efficient and clean processing. For example, the delayed coking process is relatively simple, and the adaptability to raw materials is relatively strong. When dealing with inferior heavy oil with high residual carbon and high metal content, there are low liquid yields and inferior coke yields. Advanced problems limit the further promotion and application of this process; fluidized coking technology can reduce the cracking reaction temperature and increase the yield of light olefins and aromatics. Compared with the delayed coking process, the liquid yield of the fluidized coking process has increased by 12-18 percentage point, the coke yield is reduced by about 50%, and the product distribution is flexible, but the technology has strict requirements on catalysts, regeneration conditions and equipment.

Flexible coking is a better way to deal with heavy oil. It reduces coke output and produces hydrogen-rich, low calorific value gas. It is an advanced foreign technology to solve high-sulfur petroleum coke, but there are complex processes, high investment, low gas calorific value and engineering design. Difficulty and other problems, the promotion rate is low

[0005] The coking process at home and abroad lacks a heavy oil treatment method with strong raw material adaptability, high liquid recovery, good flexibility, high decarburization rate, large processing capacity, continuous operation and easy large-scale expansion. Through this method, the heavy oil can be fully utilized The existing hydrogen element can quickly and deeply crack heavy oil, reduce or not produce coke, and use petroleum coke gasification to generate heat and hydrogen-rich gas to further improve the conversion efficiency of heavy oil

Images