Heavy oil four-component separation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a heavy oil four-component separation method. The method comprises the following steps: dispersing heavy oil by using a first solvent, adding the heavy oil into a heavy oil four-component separation unit, enabling the heavy oil to flow through a filter disc and a chromatographic column, and washing by using the first solvent to obtain a saturated eluent; switching a pre-column flow path switching valve and a post-column flow path switching valve, adding a second solvent for washing, and enabling the second solvent to flow through a filter disc and a bypass pipeline to obtain asphaltene eluent; switching a pre-column flow path switching valve and a post-column flow path switching valve, adding a second solvent for washing, and enabling the second solvent to flow through a filter disc and a chromatographic column to obtain an aromatic eluent; and sequentially adding a third solvent, the second solvent and a fourth solvent for washing to obtain colloid eluent, and respectively collecting the obtained eluent by using a receiving device. By means of the method, parallel shunting preheating of multiple paths of solvents can be achieved; and multiple eluents are automatically received, so that automatic and rapid separation of four components of the heavy oil is realized, time is saved, operation errors caused by manual work are reduced, and the precision of separation and determination is improved.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a method for separating four components of heavy oil, in particular to a separation method applied to an automatic separation device for four components of heavy oil. Background technique [0002] The four components of heavy oil are one of the important physical and chemical properties of asphalt and heavy oil. The samples are separated into asphaltene, saturated components, aromatic components and colloids, and their mass percentages are determined respectively. [0003] At present, the domestic petrochemical industry uses NB / SH / T 0509-2010 "Petroleum Asphalt Four-Component Determination Method" to measure the four components of heavy oil. The main steps of this standard method include: (1) Preparation of alumina chromatography column packing, Commercially available alumina needs to be activated at 500°C for 6 hours, then add 1% water, shake vigorously and let it stand for 24 hours, and the validity period is only one week; ...

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Problems solved by technology

[0004] At present, there are mainly the following problems in the application of this standard: (1) The steps are cumbersome, the labor intensity of the operators is high, the analysis time is too long, and one sample needs two days; (2) In order to ensure the accuracy of the data, one sample needs to be measured twice in parallel. The steps are cumbersome, the required experimental equipment covers a large area, and a floor-standing fume hood is required, which makes it difficult to analyze multiple channels and multiple samples at the same time; (3) Since the preparation and filling of alumina are all done manually, each experiment The properties of the alumina filler obtained in the chamber are quite different, the shelf life is short, and the packing is not tight enough, which affects the separation effect; (4) The column separation process relies on gravity and double ball pressure, and the elution speed is slow and uncontrollable, which affects the separation effect. (5) The 150-250mL glass Erlenmeyer flasks used for asphaltene reflux and receiving the other three components, the mass of the container itself exceeds 100g, and the mass of the components in it after drying is less than 1g, or even less than 0.1g, the weighing error caused by the quality of the container is relatively large; (6) Each sample needs to use about 500mL of volatile organic solvents such as n-heptane and toluene, which is harmful to the health of operators and the safety of the laboratory. Safety and environmental protection bring many hidden dangers

However, when using the above equipment to separate the four components, there are still the following problems: (1) It is still necessary to separate asphaltenes according to step (2), and this cumbersome operation cannot be omitted; (3) The receiving container is still 150-250mL The glass Erlenmeyer flask is still unavoidable due to the weighing error caused by the oversized container; (4) the separation still uses a chromatographic column filled in a glass tube, which takes a long time to separate and consumes a large amount of solvent

There is currently no way to overcome any of the above difficulties

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