Three-dimensional porous material containing lithium alloy skeleton network and preparation method thereof, and composite lithium negative electrode material and a preparation method thereof

A three-dimensional porous, skeleton network technology, applied in negative electrodes, nanotechnology for materials and surface science, battery electrodes, etc., can solve the problem of induced lithium nucleation, limited growth effect, large size and thickness of metallic lithium, easy to appear Lithium dendrites, etc.

Active Publication Date: 2021-04-30
UNIV OF ELECTRONICS SCI & TECH OF CHINA
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

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Problems solved by technology

However, most commercially available three-dimensional porous materials have relatively large pore sizes, usually on the order of hundreds of microns, and relatively small specific surface areas.
On the one hand, the size and thickness of the deposited metal lithium are too large, which exceeds the effective distance of the skeleton induction effect. Therefore, the effect of ordinary porous materials acting as a three-dimensional skeleton to induce lithium nucleation and growth

Method used

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  • Three-dimensional porous material containing lithium alloy skeleton network and preparation method thereof, and composite lithium negative electrode material and a preparation method thereof
  • Three-dimensional porous material containing lithium alloy skeleton network and preparation method thereof, and composite lithium negative electrode material and a preparation method thereof
  • Three-dimensional porous material containing lithium alloy skeleton network and preparation method thereof, and composite lithium negative electrode material and a preparation method thereof

Examples

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Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0040] A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing nickel foam containing a lithium-zinc alloy skeleton network and its composite lithium negative electrode material. The specific steps are as follows:

[0041] Metal zinc and metal lithium are placed in a crucible with a molar ratio of 1:10, and the temperature is raised to 400°C under an argon atmosphere to make the metal mixture into a molten state, and a molten lithium-rich lithium-zinc alloy is obtained. Raw nickel foam such as figure 1 as shown in a. Then place the nickel foam on the molten lithium-rich lithium-zinc alloy, and pour the molten alloy into the structure of the nickel foam, and the filling thickness accounts for 4 / 4 of the thickness of the entire substrate. Finally, it is cooled to room temperature within 600s to obtain a composite lithium negative electrode material containing a lithium-zinc alloy skeleton network and foamed nickel, such as figure 1 As shown in b, after ...

Embodiment 2

[0043] A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a foamed copper three-dimensional porous material containing a lithium alloy skeleton network and a composite lithium negative electrode material thereof. The specific steps are as follows:

[0044] Metal copper and metal lithium are placed in a crucible with a molar ratio of 1:60, and the temperature is raised to 500°C under an argon atmosphere to make the metal mixture into a molten state, and a molten lithium-rich lithium-copper alloy is obtained. Then, the foamed copper is placed on the molten lithium-rich lithium copper alloy, and the molten alloy is hot poured into the structure of the foamed copper, and the filling thickness accounts for 1 / 4 of the thickness of the entire substrate. Finally, it was cooled to room temperature within 200s to obtain a composite lithium negative electrode material containing a lithium-copper alloy skeleton network and copper foam. After further removal of m...

Embodiment 3

[0046] A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a foamed carbon three-dimensional porous material containing a lithium alloy skeleton network and its composite lithium negative electrode material. The specific steps are as follows:

[0047] Metal aluminum and metal lithium are placed in a crucible with a molar ratio of 1:30, and the temperature is raised to 600°C under an argon atmosphere to make the metal mixture into a molten state, and a molten lithium-rich lithium aluminum alloy is obtained. Then, the carbon foam is placed on the molten lithium-rich lithium aluminum alloy, and the molten alloy is hot poured into the structure of the carbon foam, and the filling thickness accounts for 5 / 4 of the thickness of the entire substrate. Finally, it was cooled to room temperature within 100s to obtain a composite lithium negative electrode material containing lithium aluminum alloy skeleton network and foamed carbon. After further removal of m...

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Abstract

The invention discloses a three-dimensional porous material containing a lithium alloy skeleton network and a preparation method thereof, and a composite lithium negative electrode material of the three-dimensional porous material and a preparation method thereof. According to the invention, the phase separation or component segregation process of the high-temperature molten lithium-rich alloy in the three-dimensional porous material and/or on the surface of the three-dimensional porous material is controlled, the micro-nano three-dimensional lithium alloy skeleton network further divides pores of the porous material into small pores which are smaller in size and communicated with one another, and the lithium alloy micro-nano skeleton does not participate in a charge-discharge reaction; only the effects of enlarging the specific surface area, inducing uniform deposition of lithium ions and inhibiting formation of lithium dendrites are achieved, a multi-scale skeleton structure is formed with the three-dimensional porous base material, and the electrochemical performance of the negative electrode is further improved through the synergistic effect. The lithium alloy skeleton or the surface of the lithium alloy skeleton is filled with the metal lithium to form the composite lithium negative electrode material containing the lithium alloy skeleton network, which is formed by compounding lithium, the lithium alloy skeleton and the three-dimensional porous material, and the metal lithium provides reversible capacity for the charge-discharge reaction of the battery.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical power sources, and in particular relates to a three-dimensional porous material containing a lithium alloy skeleton network, its composite lithium negative electrode material and a preparation method. Background technique [0002] Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become very popular energy storage devices at present. However, lithium-ion batteries use carbon as the negative electrode, and their theoretical specific capacity is only 372mAh / g, which has been difficult to meet the growing demand for high energy density energy storage. Lithium metal is considered to be the best choice for the anode material of next-generation lithium secondary batteries because of its high theoretical specific capacity (3860mAh / g) and the lowest electrochemical potential (-3.04V relative to the standard hydrogen electrode). However, the uncontrollable dendrite growth and "infinite" volume change of Li metal during ...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): H01M4/62H01M4/66H01M4/80H01M10/0525B82Y30/00B82Y40/00
CPCH01M4/628H01M4/665H01M4/662H01M4/80H01M10/0525B82Y30/00B82Y40/00H01M2004/027H01M2004/021Y02E60/10
Inventor 李晶泽王子豪刘芋池周爱军
Owner UNIV OF ELECTRONICS SCI & TECH OF CHINA
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