Compositions for enhancing biological functions in organisms

a biological function and composition technology, applied in the field of compositions for enhancing biological functions in organisms, can solve the problems of complex induced resistance systems in plants, damage to fungal hosts, and inability to obtain nutrients, so as to improve the growth of fungal cells and enhance the production of extracellular enzymes

Inactive Publication Date: 2006-02-02
LORITO MATTEO +3
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0011] The present invention relates to a composition, which, when applied to an organism under conditions appropriate for activity, enhances: fungal growth, extracellular enzyme production under repressive or nonrepressive conditions by fungi, biological control of plant pathogens, and resistance to disease in plants and animals. This composition includes an elicitor compound selected from the group consisting of: (N,N′diacetylhexobiose)n; (N,N′diacetylhexobiose)n having one or more associated amino acid residues, where the amino acid residues comprise valine or ornithine; (N,N′diacetylhexosamine)n having an associated (dihexobiose)n; (N,N′diacetylhexosamine)n having an associated (dihexobiose)n and one or more associated amino acid residues, where the amino acid residues comprise valine or ornthine; or combinations thereof. The (N,N′diacetylhexobiose)n and (N,N′diacetylhexosamine)n comprise N-acetylglucosamine or other amino hexosamines, while the (N,N′diacetylhexobiose)n and (dihexobiose)n comprise any D-hexoaldose or a N-acetylamino derivative of D-hexoaldoses. In this aspect of the present invention, n=1 to 5, and each of the elicitor compounds has a molecular weight of 3 kDa or less.
[0012] The present invention also relates to a composition, which, when applied to an organism under conditions appropriate for activity, enhances: fungal growth, extracellular enzyme production under repressive or nonrepressive conditions by fungi, biological control of plant pathogens, and resistance to disease in plants and animals. This composition include an elicitor compound selected from the group consisting of: (N,N′diacetylchitobiose)n; (N,N′diacetylchitobiose)n having one or more associated amino acid residues, where the amino acid residues comprise valine or ornithine; (N,N′diacetylchitobiose)n having an associated (dimeric hexose)n; (N,N′diacetylchitobiose)n having an associated (dimeric hexose)n and one or more associated amino acid residues, where the amino acid residues comprise valine or ornthine; or combinations thereof. The (N,N′diacetylchitobiose)n comprises N-acetylglucosamine or other amino hexosamines, while the (dimeric hexose)n comprises any D-hexoaldose or N-acetylamino derivative of D-hexoaldose. In this aspect of the present invention, n=1 to 5, and each of the elicitor compounds has a molecular weight of 3 kDa or less.
[0013] The present invention relates to yet another composition, which, when applied to an organism under conditions appropriate for activity, enhances: fungal growth, extracellular enzyme production under repressive or nonrepressive conditions by fungi, biological control of plant pathogens, and resistance to disease in plants and animals. This composition includes an elicitor compound selected from the group consisting of: N,N′diacetylchitobiose; N,N′diacetylchitobiose having one or more associated amino acid residues, where the amino acid residues comprise valine or ornthine; N,N′diacetylchitobiose having an associated dimeric hexose; N,N′diacetylchitobiose having an associated dimeric hexose and one or more associated amino acid residues, where the amino acid residues comprise valine or ornthine; N,N′diacetylchitobiose having two associated dimeric hexoses; N,N′diacetylchitobiose having two associated dimeric hexoses and one or more associated amino acid residues, where the amino acid residues comprise valine or ornthine; two or more N,N′diacetylchitobiose residues having two or more associated dimeric hexoses; two or more N,N′diacetylchitobiose residues having two or more associated dimeric hexoses and one or more associated amino acid residues, where the amino acid residues comprise valine or ornthine; or combinations thereof. The N,N′diacetylchitobiose comprises N-acetylglucosamine or other amino hexosamines, while the dimeric hexose comprises any D-hexoaldose or N-acetylamino derivative of D-hexoaldose. In this aspect of the present invention, n=1 to 5, and each of the elicitor compounds has a molecular weight of 3 kDa or less.

Problems solved by technology

These products damage the fungal host and make its nutrients available to the attacking fungus.
Induced resistance systems in plants are complex, but have been partially elucidated in several model plant systems.
Although CCOS have been shown to be useful in initial studies, the active agent is a large molecule, and large molecules are classically difficult to use in human therapeutic applications.

Method used

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  • Compositions for enhancing biological functions in organisms
  • Compositions for enhancing biological functions in organisms
  • Compositions for enhancing biological functions in organisms

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

Remote Sensing by Elicitors

[0061] The discovery of the eliciting compounds of the present invention occurred primarily by defining the remote sensing system describe herein above. Past research demonstrated (a) that Trichoderma strains sense fungi that it can parasitize at a distance and grow tropically toward the target fungus (Chet et al., “Trichoderma Hamatum: Its Hyphal Interactions with Rhizoctonia Solani and Pythium spp,”Microb Ecol 7:29-38 (1981), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety) and (b) that endochitinase, but not exochitinase (N-acetylglucosaminidase) is stimulated to be produced by Trichoderma spp. prior to contact with the fungus (Zeilinger et al., “Chitinase Gene Expression During Mycoparasitic Interaction of Trichoderma Harzianum with its Host,”Fung Genet Biol 26:131 -140 (1999), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety). Both enzymes are important in the parasitic process along with various glucanases and other enzymes and an...

example 2

Sources and Release of Elicitors

[0065] The ability of Trichoderma to release elicitor compounds from the various target fungi was measured by induction of gfp in the endochitinase promoter labeled P1 strain of Trichoderma. Trichoderma strain P1, transformed to contain an endochitinase promoter:gfp construct, was placed 15 mm or 5 mm distance from the elicitor compound source organism, and, finally in direct contact with various fungi and filamentous Oomycetes. The results are shown in FIG. 1.

[0066] In FIG. 1, the level of endochitinase induction is shown on the right hand axis. Gfp gene induction is measured as intensity of gfp fluorescence produced, with 0 being no fluorescence and 4 being the highest level of fluorescence. The graph provides information regarding the distance between the Trichoderma and the target fungus when gene induction (gfp fluorescence) was measured. The elicitor source organisms are shown on the horizontal axis. R(hizoctonia) solani and S(clerotinia) rolf...

example 3

Identification of the Elicitor Compounds

[0069] Samples with known elicitor activity were fractionated to contain only those compounds with a mass of 3 kDa or less. Compounds in these samples were subjected to high performance liquid chromatography and fractions with elicitor activity, measured with the T. atroviride:gfp system described in Example 1, were identified. These active fractions were then subjected to electrospray mass spectrometry and compounds were identified. FIG. 3 shows the active fractions and their identity. Compounds with elicitor activity are listed in herein above. In summary, the active molecules can be described generally as follows: [0070] (diacetylchitobiose)n, where n=1-5, and having either no additional amino acid moiety, or having one or more amino acid moieties (valine, L-ornthine, and / or serine) associated with, or attached thereto. [0071] 2. (diacetylchitobiose)n, having a (dimeric hexose)n, associated with or attached thereto, where n=1-5, and having...

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Abstract

The present invention provides a composition which includes elicitor compounds selected from the group consisting of: (N,N′diacetylhexobiose)n; (N,N′diacetylhexobiose)n having one or more associated amino acid residues, wherein the amino acid residues are valine or ornthine; (N,N′diacetylhexosamine)n having an associated (dihexobiose)n; (N,N′diacetylhexosamine)n having an associated (dihexobiose)n and one or more associated amino acid residues, wherein the amino acid residues are valine or ornithine; or combinations thereof. The (N,N′diacetylhexobiose)n and (N,N′diacetylhexosamine)n comprise N-acetylglucosamine or other amino hexosamines, while the (N,N′diacetylhexobiose)n and (dihexobiose)n are any D-hexoaldose or N-acetylamino derivative of D-hexoaldoses. In this aspect of the present invention, n=1 to 5 and the compounds are all 3 kDa or less. Also provided are a method for increasing the rate of fungal growth, a method for increasing extracellular fungal enzyme production, a method for increasing biological control of plant and animal diseases, a method for increasing a method for increasing resistance of plants to diseases, and a method of alleviating pain and increasing resistance to, or recovery from, diseases in animals, using the composition of the present invention.

Description

[0001] This application claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60 / 570,765, filed May 13, 2004, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0002] The present invention relates to compositions including a series of related carbohydrate moieties or carbohydrate-amino moieties, and the use thereof for enhancing biological functions in a variety of organisms. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0003] Cells and tissues of essentially all organisms must respond and adapt to changes in external environmental conditions. In many cases, cells contain specific receptors for particular chemicals. When such chemicals come into contact with cell surfaces, they bind specifically to particular receptors. This binding then triggers a cascade of events within the cells, including up- and down-regulation of genes and activation or repression of specific pathways within the cells. Those processes result in substantial changes in cellular physiology...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): C21B9/00A61K8/02
CPCA01N37/20A01N37/02
Inventor LORITO, MATTEOWOO, SHERIDAN L.FOGLIANO, VINCENZOMACH, ROBERT L.
Owner LORITO MATTEO
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