Compositions of vaccines and adjuvants and methods for the treatment of urinary tract infections

Abstract

This invention describes novel adjuvant compositions and formulations with excellent stability at refrigerated and room temperatures and up to and about 37° C. that can be produced at remarkably low costs. This invention describes novel vaccine compositions and formulations to treat and prevent urinary tract infections caused by gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli and multi-drug resistant E. coli. This invention also describes methods of administration of said novel vaccine compositions and formulations and methods of treatment to prevent and treat urinary tract infections caused by gram-negative bacteria including E. coli and multi-drug resistant E. coli.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]This application claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61 / 882,498 filed on Sep. 25, 2013, the contents of which are incorporated in its entirety by reference.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0002]1. Field of the Invention[0003]The invention provides novel adjuvant compositions and formulations with excellent stability at refrigerated and room temperatures, and also up to about 37° C., that can be produced at remarkably low costs. These novel adjuvant compositions and formulations are used in vaccines and exhibit superior properties of enhancing immune responses to antigens while causing less severe injection site and systemic reactions. The invention also describes novel vaccine compositions and formulations to treat and prevent urinary tract infections caused by gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli and multi-drug resistant E. coli. The invention also provides methods of administration of said novel vaccine formulatio...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

The invention is a new method for making a stable and effective adjuvant called PHAD, which can be packaged into syringes and shipped without needing to be lyophilized. The PHAD compositions can be sterilized and stored at refrigerated temperatures. The invention also includes the use of a non-ionic surfactant to prevent aggregation or increase in particle size of the PHAD formulations. The preferred adjuvant formulations contain a specific buffer and a synthetically produced phosphatidylcholine. The PHAD formulations are stable and effective when prepared with high purity phosphatidylcholines.

Problems solved by technology

Another issue with vaccines is that vaccines can have a short shelf life and are prone to expire prior to use.

For example, it was reported that as of Jul. 1, 2010 40 million unused doses of swine flu vaccine that cost about $260 million to produce had just expired and were being destroyed.

Vaccine expirations result in significant economic losses each year in the US.

As a result, the mixture of 3′-O-desacyl-4′-monophosphoryl lipid A presents manufacturing, testing, and use challenges that greatly contribute to the expense and supply issues with the vaccine.

In addition to storage problems, vaccine injections are often painful to the recipient.

Redness, swelling, itching and tenderness at injection sites may occur after administration of a vaccine.

The severity of the injection site reactions and systemic reactions are significant requiring medical treatment involving narcotic use, IV hydration, or other physician implemented treatments and loss of work from preventing daily activity due to diarrhea, myalgia, fatigue, headache, and vomiting.

Whether or not a specific adjuvant or combination of adjuvants will enhance an immune response toward each specific antigen is unpredictable.

The failure in the art to identify new therapeutic alternatives to prevent and treat gram-negative bacterial infections is well documented.

The failure to identify new vaccines to prevent and treat bacterial infections is well documented.

Despite recent progress in the epidemiology and pathogenesis of UTI, there have been no recent major improvements in our ability to actually prevent or treat these infections.

UPEC strains that lack the FimH adhesin are unable to effectively colonize the bladder.

The use of FimCH as an antigen in a vaccine is therefore limited by the requirement of an effective adjuvant.

The development of MedImmune's FimCH vaccine with the MF59 adjuvant was discontinued because of these disappointing results.

MF59 with squalene has a history of causing severe local injection site and systemic reactions when used with certain antigens.

The failure of MedImmune and others to develop a UTI vaccine evidences the difficulties of developing new vaccines for bacterial infections.

MedImmune demonstrated that alum does not sufficiently enhance the immune response to FimCH.

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