The invention discloses a data acquisition device of a joint replacement prosthesis, which relates to the technical field of joint replacement and comprises a shell, a sensor, a system-on-chip and an antenna, the sensor, the system-on-chip and the antenna are arranged in the shell, and the system-on-chip is electrically connected with the sensor and the antenna. The system-on-chip is used for converting the electric signals collected by the sensor into corresponding data and sending the data to an external receiving device through the antenna. The data acquisition device is implanted into a body along with a prosthesis, corresponding information of human tissues around the prosthesis can be collected in real time through a built-in sensor, corresponding electric signals are formed, and the system-level chip reads the corresponding electric signals in real time, converts the corresponding electric signals into corresponding data and sends the corresponding data to an external receiving device through an antenna. In this way, the purposes of collecting data in real time and sending the data outwards are achieved, a doctor can look up related data through an external receiving device and understand the actual situation, and therefore it is avoided that a rehabilitation scheme which does not have the earth atmosphere is formulated.