Combined preparations, and pharmaceutical compositions, comprising: (a)
LAG-3
protein, or a derivative thereof that is able to bind to
MHC class II molecules; and (b) a
programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) pathway inhibitor, are described. The PD-1 pathway inhibitor, such as an anti-PD-1
antibody or an anti-PD-L1
antibody, and a soluble derivative of
LAG-3, acting as an APC activator, together synergistically activate T cells (in particular, CD8+ T cells). Use of the combined preparations and compositions as medicaments, in particular for the treatment of
cancer or infection, and to methods for the treatment of
cancer or infection, is described.