98 results about "Pancreatic A Cells" patented technology

It is intended to provide a method of forming pancreatic β cells from mesenchymal cells characterized by comprising using mammal-origin mesenchymal cells as starting cells, culturing these cells in the presence of, for example, a pancreatic β cell-forming agent, and selecting and separating the thus obtained pancreatic βcells with the use of a gene expressed specifically in such cells as a selection marker; a remedy for glucose intolerance which comprises pancreatic β cells obtained by the above method as the active ingredient; a pancreatic β cell-forming agent such as a cytokine to be used in the above method; a method of screening a candidate compound promoting the formation of pancreatic β cells from mesenchymal cells; and a pancreatic β cell formation promoter obtained by this screening method.

A method of converting differentiated non-hormone producing pancreatic cells into differentiated hormone producing cells is disclosed. The method comprises two steps: first, culturing cells under conditions which convert differentiated non-hormone producing cells into stem cells; and second, culturing stem cells under conditions which provide for differentiating stem cells into hormone-producing cells. The invention defines growth and differentiation factors that are presented to the stem cells to result in their differentiation into hormone-producing cells, especially insulin-producing cells. The invention provides a new source of large quantities of hormone producing cells such as insulin-producing cells that are riot currently available for therapeutic uses such as the treatment of diabetes.

The invention relates to the discovery that the proliferation and survival of pancreatic progenitor cells can be enhanced by contacting the cells with, (1) a caspase inhibitor sufficient to reduce apoptosis in the pancreatic endocrine cells; and, (2) a growth factor in an amount sufficient to increase the level of activated Akt in the pancreatic endocrine cells.

The invention provides methods for differentiating non-embryonic multipotent stem cells along the pancreatic lineage. The present invention further provides non-embryonic multipotent stem cells and progeny derived therefrom to provide pancreatic cells to a subject.

The present invention provides various methods for increasing beta cell mass. In certain embodiments, such methods include steps of administering to a subject an effective amount of: (a) SDF1, a polypeptide having amino acid sequence substantially homologous thereto, or a fragment thereof capable of increasing beta cell survival; and (b) GLP-1 Exendin-4, a polypeptide having amino acid sequence substantially homologous to GLP-1 or Exendin-4, or a fragment of GLP-1 or Exendin-4 capable of promoting beta cell proliferation, whereby beta cell mass is increased in the subject.

The invention provides a method for generating a type II diabetes mellitus and/or Syndrome X model in pigs. A method of the invention comprises partially destructing pancreatic beta-cells in pigs. From these pigs, a pig is preferably selected that comprises a fasting plasma glucose level higher than 6 mmol/L. The invention further provides a pig according to the invention and uses thereof.

Methods are provided for the establishment and maintenance in long term culture of hormone secreting cells. Cells are derived from tumorous or non-tumorous animal or human tissues, including ovary, endometrium, trophoblast, pituitary, thyroid, and pancreas. The cells secrete into the culture medium hormones such as estrogens, progestins, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, human chorionic gonadotrophin, thyroxin, glucagon, and insulin, depending on the tissue of origin of individual cell cultures. Contact with an appropriate secretogogue causes the cells to respond with increased hormone secretion. For instance, ovarian follicular cells respond to follicle-stimulating hormone with increased estrogen and progesterone secretion. Pancreatic cells respond to elevated glucose with increased insulin secretion. The cells proliferate in in vitro for up to one year or longer, during which time they retain their hormone-secretion profile. The cells may be frozen for storage, and retain their hormone-secretion profile after thawing. The cell cultures are useful for the production of human hormones, for the bio-assay of drugs such as therapeutic gonadotrophin, for the testing of drug efficacy and design, and for toxicity testing of drugs and chemicals. The cells may also be implanted in an individual to replace deficient hormone secretion. For instance, insulin secreting pancreatic cells may be implanted in a diabetic individual as an adjunct or replacement therapy for exogenously administered insulin.

This invention relates to the in vitro differentiation of pluripotent cells into pancreatic progenitors by i) culturing pluripotent cells in a definitive endoderm (DE) medium comprising a TGFp ligand, fibroblast growth factor ( FGF), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), a PI3K inhibitor and optionally a GSK3 β inhibitor to produce a population of definitive endoderm cells, ii) culturing the definitive endoderm cells in a first pancreatic medium comprising an activin antagonist; FGF; retinoic acid; and a BMP inhibitor to produce a population of dorsal foregut cells; iii) culturing the dorsal foregut cells in a second pancreatic medium comprising FGF, retinoic acid, a BMP inhibitor, and a hedgehog signalling inhibitor, and; iv) culturing the endoderm cells in a third pancreatic medium comprising FGF. The progenitor cells thus produced may be further differentiated into pancreatic endocrine cells. These methods may be useful, for example, in producing pancreatic cells for therapy or disease modelling.

It is discovered that sodium-channel blockers inhibit the secretion of glucagon from pancreatic alpha cells. The present disclosure, based on such discoveries, provides compositions and methods for the treatment of hyperglycemia and related diseases and conditions with Na-channel blockers.

The present invention relates to the use of a compound of formula (1):

wherein: R1 comprises a carbonyl group and R2 is a hydrocarbyl group; optionally wherein said ring is further substituted; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; in the manufacture of a medicament for use in one or more of: modulating the release of intracellular calcium from a store controlled by nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate; modulating calcium spikes in mammalian cells; treating diseases in one or more of brain, heart, pancreatic cells (e.g. pancreatic acinar and pancreatic beta cells), immune cells, T-cells, haemopoietic cells including phagocytes; treating diseases in one or more of brain, heart, pancreatic cells (e.g. pancreatic acinar and pancreatic beta cells), immune cells, T-cells, haemopoietic cells including phagocytes by modulating the release of intracellular calcium from a store controlled by nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate; treating diseases in one or more of brain, heart, and T-cells by modulating calcium spikes in mammalian cells.

The present invention relates to an in vitro or ex vivo method for producing a population of pancreatic beta-cells, comprising the step of inhibiting the expression or the activity of Arx in a population of pancreatic alpha-cells. The present invention also relates to method for inducing the conversion of pancreatic alpha-cells in pancreatic beta-cells in a patient in need thereof.

The invention provides a novel primary culture method of pancreatic duct epithelial cells of a rat. The method comprises the following steps of: a, separating a main pancreatic duct from a pancreatic tissue of a healthy rat; b, digesting and separating pancreatic tissue fragments by using mixed digestive enzyme by a step-by-step digestion method to obtain cell aggregates; and c, culturing and purifying the cell aggregates, namely rotating a vessel by using a time difference and jointly purifying by using a gradient serum culture medium to obtain the pancreatic duct epithelial cells. In the method, the raw material is taken from the common laboratory animal, namely the rat, and the main pancreatic duct can be quickly and efficiently stripped from the whole pancreatic tissue by using the tension of surrounding organs of the main pancreatic duct. The cell aggregates with a proper size can be obtained by the step-by-step digestion method; and the yield of the cultured cells can be improved by over 60 percent than that of the cultured cells by an overall digestion method. By combining three methods, namely, material taking, time difference-based vessel rotation and the use of the gradient serum culture medium, the pollution of other pancreatic cells is removed, and the epithelial cells are purified, wherein the purification rate of the epithelial cells of the invention can reach 95 percent.

This invention provides a polypeptide, TMEM27, and secreted forms thereof, nucleic acids and constructs encoding the same, and cells comprising the same. The TMEM27 protein is expressed in hormone positive cells at early stages of pancreas development and pancreatic ss-cells in the mature pancreas, whose expression promotes pancreatic ss-cell replication and increased islet mass. Applications of the protein in diagnostics and therapeutics are described.

The invention belongs to the technical field of biological medicines, and particularly relates to an application of ellagic acid and metabolites thereof as natural inhibitors to preparation of an anti-pyroptosis medicine. The inventor finds that high glycolipid has a promotion effect on pyroptosis of pancreatic cells and liver cells, and expression levels of pyroptosis proteins GSDMD and GSDME in a pyroptosis signal path are increased, which indicates that pyroptosis plays a role in high-glucose and high-fat induced pancreatic and liver inflammatory reactions. GSDMD and GSDME mediated pyroptosis participates in diabetes pancreas and liver injury. It is found for the first time that the ellagic acid and intestinal tract metabolite uridine A thereof can inhibit GSDMD and GSDME mediated pyroptosis in an in-vivo experiment of a diabetic model mouse, and therefore, an anti-inflammatory protection effect on cells is achieved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of biological medicines, and discloses a stomach-targeted drug-loaded exosome and application thereof and a drug for treating gastric diseases so as to solve the problem that the treatment effect of an existing targeted preparation on gastric diseases is not obvious enough. The stomach-targeted drug-loaded exosome is obtained by introducing a drug for treating stomach diseases into an exosome with stomach tissue targeting property, and the exosome with stomach tissue targeting property is derived from pancreatic cells. The exosome secreted by the pancreatic cells can be enriched in the stomach without any modification, the exosome secreted by the pancreatic cells solves the problem of exosome yield and has a good application prospect; different drugs or active molecules can be loaded by the exosome secreted by the pancreatic cells; and through targeted stomach tissue administration, treatment effect on stomach diseases is improved, and toxic and side effects of medicines are reduced.

Disclosed are: an insulin secretion inducer; an insulin secretion-inducing composition; a process for the production of the composition; an accelerator for increasing the number of pancreatic β-cells; a composition for increasing the number of pancreatic β-cells; a process for the production of the composition; and a viral vector for gene therapy. The insulin secretion inducer or the accelerator for increasing the number of pancreatic β-cells comprises a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence encoded by DNA that is known to encode a membrane protein Tm4sf20 (transmembrane 4 L six family member 20) or the like or a fragment of the polypeptide as an active ingredient.

The invention provides a composition for regulation of blood sugar level and adjunctive treatment of diabetes mellitus. The composition comprises the following components by weight percent: 10-70% of resveratrol, 10-50% of piperine, 10-70% of gamma-aminobutyric acid, and 0.01-5% of organic selenium. According to the composition, in the active ingredients, the resveratrol has the effects of regulating the blood sugar level and preventing oxidative stress of a body caused by the diabetes mellitus; the bioavailability of the resveratrol can be improved by the piperine; pancreas cell apoptosis is prevented and beta-cell palingenesis is facilitated by the gamma-aminobutyric acid; and the antioxidant ability of the body and glucose utilization are indirectly improved by the organic selenium participating into in vivo synthesis of glutathion peroxidase and deiodinase. By adopting the composition, the effects of the four raw materials are combined according to a certain dosage; and the functional food is prepared according to a certain component proportion, so that the four raw materials play respective effects in the process of preventing the diabetes mellitus.

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel therapeutic agent for a patient with type 2 diabetes, a cause of which is the abnormal synthesis of insulin attributed to the abnormal modification of tRNA^Lys (UUU) in pancreatic β cells having Cdkal1 gene mutation. The present inventors have used (1) a screening system using E. coli in which correct translation into luciferase requires frameshift resulting from mistranslation during protein translation, (2) a screening system using the pancreatic islet of Langerhans isolated from a pancreatic β cell-specific Cdkal1-deficient mouse, and (3) a screening system using a pancreatic β cell-specific Cdkal1-deficient mouse, and found that a compound represented by any of the following formulas (I) to (III) can serve as a therapeutic agent for a patient with type 2 diabetes with Cdkal1 gene mutation resulting in the reduced ability to secrete insulin.

The invention provides a bitter gourd peptide composition for preventing and treating diabetes and a preparation method thereof. The bitter gourd peptide composition for preventing and treating diabetes is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of a bitter gourd extract, 20-25 parts of a radix puerariae extract, 10-15 parts of a folium mori extract, 10-15 parts of a lily bulb extract, 10-15 parts of a rhizoma dioscoreae extract, 10-15 parts of a Chinese wolfberry extract, 5-10 parts of a honeysuckle flower extract, 15-20 parts of collagen peptide, 2-3 parts of a white kidney bean extract, 10-15 parts of isomaltooligosacharide, 3-5 parts of fructo-oligosaccharide, and 1-2 parts of grosvenor momordica fruits. Functional active substances are extracted and enriched from medicinal and edible traditional Chinese medicinal materials, pancreatic cell activity is enhanced, insulin secretion is stimulated, alpha-amylase activity is inhibited, digestive absorption of starch and other carbohydrates in foods is hindered, and the blood sugar content is reduced, so that the effects of reducing blood sugar and controlling blood sugar are achieved, long-term dependence of diabetics on chemical drugs can be reduced or replaced, damage of the chemical drugs to kidneys and livers can be reduced or avoided, and diabetes can be fundamentally prevented and treatedthrough a dietary therapy method.