The invention discloses a machining technology for conducting printing and surface mounting on substrates made of various materials simultaneously and a jig structure thereof. The jig structure comprises a bearing jig, a vacuum jig and a printing silk screen, wherein the bearing jig comprises a body, a plurality of kinds of substrate positioning grooves are formed in the body, the number of each kind of substrate positioning grooves is matched with the number of substrates corresponding to the product requirement, the vacuum jig is located below the bearing jig and comprises supporting columns, the number of the supporting columns corresponds to the number of the substrate positioning grooves, a plurality of vacuum holes are formed in each supporting column, the printing silk screen comprises a silk screen body, and a mesh used for tinning of a product located at the corresponding position is arranged at the position, corresponding to each substrate positioning groove, of the silk screen body. According to the machining technology for conducting printing and surface mounting on the substrates made of various materials simultaneously and the jig structure thereof, printing and surface mounting are conducted on all kinds of substrates simultaneously by placing the substrates on the bearing jig, then assembling, returning and cleaning are conducted, the production technology is simplified, the production efficiency is improved effectively, material balance is achieved, waste is reduced, and cost is reduced.