36 results about "Process economics" patented technology

A method performed by a transfer instrument issuer involves issuing, to a recipient, a certificate which is linked to a national card account obtained by the transfer instrument issuer from an account issuer different from the transfer instrument issuer, without both issuing and providing a physical card for the national card account to the recipient of the certificate, the certificate having been purchased by a purchaser, who is not also the recipient, and containing all information necessary for the purchase of goods or services from any merchant who is capable of processing economic transactions involving one of the plurality national card accounts for which a physical card has issued, but without presentment of the physical card.

Catalysts are activated in a dual reactor solution process by adding substoichiometric and superstoichiometric amounts of an ionic activator to an organometallic polymerization catalyst in a first and second reactor respectively. The new activation method allows one to alter process conditions in a favorably way with minimum impact to process economics. The new activation method also provides polymers which give films having improved optical properties.

A method and apparatus that improves the efficiency of waste processing in waste treatment systems utilizing a high temperature plasma as the a energy source by delivering pressurized oxygen to the waste products while the waste products are exposed to the high temperature plasma. Providing oxygen at a speed of at least fifty feet per second obtains more energy content in the syngas, less solid carbon particulate, and faster gasification rates, improving process economics.

Processes, as well as associated systems, are disclosed for the biological conversion of CO into desired end products such as ethanol. The use of a plurality of perforated plates, for example in the riser section of a bioreactor, which are positioned substantially horizontally and normal to the upward flow of both a CO-containing substrate and liquid culture medium, can significantly improve CO utilization of the bacteria and consequently the overall process economics. The geometry of apertures in the perforated plates is an important determinant of their performance, with fractal patterns and other multi-edged shapes leading to particularly advantageous results.

In the process for the conversion of maleic acid to gamma-butyrolactone, 1.4-butanediol and / or tetrahydrofuran, a feedstream comprising maleic acid is hydrogenated in a first hydrogenation zone to produce a reaction product comprising succinic acid and unreacted hydrogen which is then supplied to a second hydrogenation zone, where succinic acid is converted to 1,4-butanediol, the temperatures of the feedstream comprising maleic acid and the first hydrogenation zone are controlled such that the temperature of maleic acid in the feedstream and the first hydrogenation zone does not exceed about 130° C., thereby minimizing the corrosive effects of the maleic acid and prolonging reactor life and improving overall process economics.

The invention discloses a recycling method of valuable metal from copper-cobalt white alloy, comprising the following steps: (1) adding one or several of matte, copper-nickel matte and scrap copper into a converter together with copper-cobalt white alloy; (2) controlling smelting temperature in the converter to be 1150-1400 DEG C, and blowing oxygen-containing gas into the converter, so that material in the converter reacts in an oxidizing atmosphere, to produce crude copper, cobalt-containing slag and flue gas; (3) separating the crude copper from the cobalt-containing slag, and recycling cobalt from the cobalt-containing slag. According to the method disclosed by the invention, by mixing and smelting the copper-cobalt white alloy with high melting point with matte / copper-nickel matte / scrap copper with low melting point, smelting temperature needed for independently smelting iron-cobalt-copper alloy is effective lowered, the energy consumption advantage of the process is prominent, the requirement of the refractory material is reduced, the process economic benefit is increased, the use amount of a slag forming constituent is small, and the method is relatively economical and environment-friendly.

Processes are disclosed that achieve a high conversion of lignin to aromatic hydrocarbons, and that may be carried out without the addition of a base. Depolymerization and deoxygenation, the desired lignin convention steps to yield aromatic hydrocarbons, are carried by contacting a mixture of lignin and a solvent (e.g., a lignin slurry) with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst. A preferred solvent is a hydrogen transfer solvent such as a single-ring or fused-ring aromatic compound that beneficially facilitates depolymerization and hinders coke formation. These advantages result in favorable overall process economics for obtaining fuel components and / or chemicals from renewable sources.

A method and apparatus that improves the efficiency of waste processing in waste treatment systems utilizing a high temperature plasma as the a energy source by delivering pressurized oxygen to the waste products while the waste products are exposed to the high temperature plasma. Providing oxygen at a speed of at least fifty feet per second obtains more energy content in the syngas, less solid carbon particulate, and faster gasification rates, improving process economics.

A method for selecting a solvent or mixture of solvents useful for mitigating deposit formation, cleaning existing deposits, and / or decreasing the rate of deposit formation is disclosed. Decreasing the rate at which deposits may form and / or increasing the rate at which deposits may be removed can dramatically improve process economics (e.g., decreasing down time as a result of deposit formation). In one aspect, embodiments disclosed herein relate to a process for dispersing foulants in a hydrocarbon stream, including the steps of: determining a nature of foulants in a hydrocarbon stream; selecting a solvent or a mixture of solvents suitable to disperse the foulants based upon the determined nature; and contacting the foulants with the selected solvent or mixture of solvents.

The invention relates to a process and system for producing ethylene from pulverized coal in a two-stage calcium carbide furnace. The process includes: (1) two-stage calcium carbide production; (2) CO conversion and decarbonization to produce hydrogen; (3) acetylene generation; (4) acetylene hydrogenation reaction; (5) cryogenic separation. The present invention adopts an upper and lower two-stage calcium carbide furnace to organically combine the pyrolysis process with the calcium carbide production process, realizes the continuous production process of calcium carbide and the effective utilization of heat energy, thereby effectively reducing the energy consumption of calcium carbide production; As a carbon raw material, coal not only reduces the cost, but also increases the surface area of ​​the raw material, increases the reactivity, reduces the temperature of calcium carbide smelting, and effectively reduces the energy consumption of the process; at the same time, high value-added tar and pyrolysis gas are obtained during the pyrolysis process By-products improve the overall economics of the process. In addition, the invention also uses a liquid phase solvent to absorb acetylene, avoiding the danger of acetylene polymerization explosion, and realizing high-pressure reactions, thereby improving the production capacity of the device.

Isotope enrichment by laser activation wherein a multi-isotopic element Q, like Uranium, Silicon, Carbon is incorporated into gaseous QFn, QF6, QF4, QOmFn, etc and diluted in gas G like He, N2, Ar, Xe, SF6 or other inert gas; and wherein that mixture is cooled by adiabatic expansion or other means encouraging formation of dimers QF6:G in a supersonic super-cooled free jet; and wherein that jet is exposed to laser photons at wavelengths that selectively excite predetermined molecules iQF6 to iQF6*, thereby inducing rapid VT conversions and dissociations of iQF6*:G→iQF6+G+kT, while leaving non-excited dimers jQF6:G intact; and wherein a skimmer separates the supersonic free-jet core stream containing heavier jQF6:G dimers from lighter core-escaped iQF6-enriched rim gases. Particularly an advanced technique is disclosed to enrich iUF6 by free jet expansion and isotope-selective dimerization suppression, utilizing a molecular CO laser and intra-cavity UF6 irradiation with laser lines overlapping predetermined iUF6 absorptions; and providing multiple free jet separator units irradiated by one laser beam, thereby enhancing process economics.

The present invention relates to a process for simultaneously consecutive preparation of polyols by base-catalyzed reaction of at least two different mid-chain aldehydes with formaldehyde. The simultaneous consecutive mode of operation makes it possible to achieve high conversions and high selectivities for both aldehydes, with additional achievement of a distinct reduction in the amount of unreacted formaldehyde remaining. This leads to improved process economics, since the energy costs for workup of the formaldehyde stream are distinctly reduced.

The invention discloses a fire monitor head, and belongs to the technical field of fire water monitors. The fire monitor head comprises a tapered section and a straight pipe section, wherein a high-pass low-resistance grid type rectifier is arranged inside the straight pipe section; a bottom end flange is welded at one end of the straight pipe section; the bottom end flange is in paired connection with a flange on an S bend of a fire monitor platform through bolts 9; the other end of the straight pipe section is connected with one end of the tapered section through a connecting pipe; a thickened fire monitor mouth is arranged at the other end of the tapered section. According to the design of the fire monitor head disclosed by the invention, the fire monitor head contract angle design with higher water gathering performance is adopted; the structural matching relation among the nozzle caliber, the fire monitor taper and the length is optimized and more reasonable; in addition, the novel high-pass low-resistance grid type rectifier is designed; a spiral type rifling is designed and processed on the inner surface of the fire monitor tube to enable the jet flow medium of the fire monitor to generate axial vortex; the fire monitor head can play the water gathering effect to the most extent, has the processing economic efficiency and meets the quality technical requirements on the inner surface of the fire monitor head part.