The invention provides a power plant thermal performance analysis and optimization system. The thermal performance analysis and optimization system comprises a model management and rule management module, an index calculation and benchmarking module, a measurement data display and analysis module, a performance online analysis module, a performance offline analysis module, an operation and maintenance decision support module, and a trend early warning and fault diagnosis module, wherein the performance online analysis module is used for performing comparative analysis on different data types of a same measuring point by utilizing a comparison table, the data types comprise a measured value, a verification value and an expected value, a comparison result comprises an absolute deviation anda relative deviation, and a large deviation can be identified by colors. According to the system, a thermodynamic model is taken as a core, a performance analysis model is established according to equipment characteristics and system logic, economic analysis, diagnosis and prediction of equipment and the system are performed by utilizing real-time and historical operation data and simulation dataof the thermodynamic model, and decision support for operation mode and technical improvement is provided for owners. Finally, a power plant, a unit and equipment are helped to be maintained at a highperformance level.