50 results about "Carbon flow" patented technology

A smoking article such as a cigarette comprises a tobacco rod and a filter component having a cavity filled with spherical beaded carbon. As mainstream tobacco smoke is drawn through the filter component, targeted gas phase smoke constituents are removed as the smoke passes through the carbon. During the filter manufacturing process the spherical beaded carbon flows like a liquid and substantially completely fills the cavity. Point-to-point contact between the spherical beads together with substantially complete filling of the cavity produces minimal channeling of ambulatory gas phase as well as maximum contact between the gas phase and the carbon surface of the spherical beads during smoking.

A mounting enclosure and an improved mounting arrangement for apparatus used in metal melting, refining and processing, particularly those apparatus adapted for steel making in an electric arc furnace, such as burners, lances and the like with supersonic oxygen lancing capability and injectors or the like for the introduction of particulate matter. The mounting enclosure is fluid cooled to survive the hostile environment of the electric arc furnace and is designed to occupy the step between the side wall and hearth of the furnace without any substantial change to the structure of the furnace. The mounting enclosure comprises a plurality of fluid cooling conduits surrounding an apparatus aperture and an injector aperture which are formed through the enclosure and adapted to mount an apparatus and an injector. The mounting arrangement includes utilizing the mounting enclosure to mount an apparatus with supersonic oxidizing gas lancing capability and an injector for particulate carbon in an electric arc furnace. Because the mounting enclosure is approximately the width of the step, the discharge openings of the apparatus and the injector are moved closer to the surface of the melt and toward the center of the furnace thereby providing increased efficiency. The discharge openings will now be extended to near the edge of the step so that the oxidizing gas flow pattern of the apparatus does not degrade the hearth material or other furnace equipment mounted nearby and the carbon flow pattern of the injector sufficiently agitates the slag to produce foaming.

Systems and methods are described providing a hepatic recycling glucose tolerance test for the diagnosis of types and subtypes of diabetes mellitus and other hyperglycemic or hypoglycemic conditions. A method is also provided for screening candidate drugs for treating various types of abnormal glucose metabolism and to monitor whether the course of treatment is effective. The method also allows the correlation of gene activity, hormone and metabolite levels with glucose flux and recycling and an assessment of the degree of hepatic insulin resistance. The method utilizes a preferably non-radioactive stable labeled glucose to asses the relative rates of carbon flow in the liver and provides a hepatic recycling constant that is a measure of the relative rate of glucose recycling. The labeled glucose may be introduced to the patient orally, intravenously or by intraperitoneal administration for the desired effect.

A smoking article such as a cigarette comprises a tobacco rod and a filter component having a cavity filled with spherical beaded carbon. As mainstream tobacco smoke is drawn through the filter component, targeted gas phase smoke constituents are removed as the smoke passes through the carbon. During the filter manufacturing process the spherical beaded carbon flows like a liquid and substantially completely fills the cavity. Point-to-point contact between the spherical beads together with substantially complete filling of the cavity produces minimal channeling of ambulatory gas phase as well as maximum contact between the gas phase and the carbon surface of the spherical beads during smoking.

The invention provides a demand side carbon flow edge analysis method, terminal and system. The system comprises a carbon flow monitoring terminal connected with a carbon flow edge terminal, a demand side energy consumption terminal and a carbon flow master station; the carbon flow edge terminal collects field data of each energy consumption end of a demand side energy consumption unit; carbon flow accounting, carbon emission analysis and energy efficiency analysis are carried out according to energy types on the basis of all field data; a regulation and control command is formed based on the carbon flow accounting result, the carbon emission analysis result and a pre-stored regulation and control strategy; the regulation and control command is issued to an energy consumption end and/or a carbon flow monitoring terminal; and the field data, the carbon flow accounting result, the carbon emission analysis result and the energy efficiency analysis result are uploaded to a carbon flow master station. The carbon flow edge terminal can perform edge calculation and analysis on the field data of the energy consumption end, so that the local application response efficiency can be enhanced, and the energy consumption end can be subjected to optimization control.

Method for the inhibition of carbon flow in the glycolytic direction in a cell by increasing the intracellular availability of trehalose-6-phosphate.

Genes encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL) and phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) have been introduced into a host organism for the production of Para-hydroxycinnamic acid (PHCA). The introduction of these genes results in the redirection of carbon flow in the host, optimizing the flow of carbon from glucose to PHCA. The intermediates, tyrosine and cinnamic acid are also produced.

The invention relates to preparation of oxygen-free copper, in particular to a process for directly preparing oxygen-free copper from waste red impure copper. The process comprises the steps of conducting melting refining on the waste red impure copper through a refining furnace; conducting impurity removal, deoxidation and purification on smelted molten copper; putting the purified molten copperin a standing furnace to conduct standing and then deoxidation; and leading out the molten copper subjected to standing and deoxidation through an up-drawing furnace to obtain an oxygen-free copper product. Through the process, oxygen-free copper bars or oxygen-free copper products are directly prepared just from the waste red impure copper; the requirements for the oxygen content and the copper content in the early period are met through the two impurity removal and deoxidation processes of oxidation reduction and rare earth refining agents; and the re-deoxidation process is completed througha carbon filter tank, a sealing carbon flow channel and standing furnace carbon reduction at a copper outlet. Through the optimized short process, resources are saved, and meanwhile, the high-qualityoxygen-free copper products can be directly prepared.

The invention discloses a carbon flow emission tracking rating method based on complex power flow. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, constructing a carbon flow tracking model based on a complex power flow tracking result; step 2, dividing the carbon emission intensity grade of each user according to the carbon emission intensity benchmark value by using the result of the carbon flow tracking model; step 3, taking minimization of carbon emission intensity difference among users in the whole network as a target function, and taking green power certificate number balance and green power certificate transaction volume nonnegative as a common constraint to construct a green power certificate distribution model; step 4, according to the current carbon emission intensity of each user, allocating a green power certificate to each user by using a green power certificate allocation model; and step 5, taking the carbon emission intensity grade and the green power certificate of each user as a carbon flow emission tracking rating result of the user. According to the method, the understanding of the power consumer on the emission of the production activity is enhanced, the development of the green power certificate market is promoted, and market support is provided for the renewable energy source foremaking policy.

The invention discloses saccharomyces cerevisiae gene engineering bacteria for producing succinic acid and application thereof, and belongs to the fields of genetic engineering and fermentation engineering. Malate dehydrogenase gene RoMDH from rhizopus oryzae is adopted to replace PDC1, the yield of ethanol obtained by fermentation of wild saccharomyces cerevisiae reaches the maximum value 13.55 plus or minus 1.062g/L, and the yield of improved strain MP ethanol is 11.09 plus or minus 0.539g/L, and compared with the yield obtained by adopting the wild type, the yield is reduced by 18.15 percent. On the basis, SDH2 gene is knocked out. After culture medium optimization, MP Delta S deleted strain can accumulate succinic acid by 0.698 plus or minus 0.0285g/L, and by contrast, the wild saccharomyces cerevisiae does not accumulate succinic acid. The saccharomyces cerevisiae gene engineering bacteria can effectively reduce the loss of a carbon flow, creates a condition for the engineering yeast to efficiently produce succinic acid, and has a good industrial application value and prospect.

The invention provides a demand side carbon flow monitoring terminal, monitoring method and system, and the system comprises a data collection module, an optimization regulation and control module and a data communication module, and the data collection module is used for collecting the field data of an energy consumption end; the optimization regulation and control module is used for matching a proper regulation and control strategy from a plurality of regulation and control strategies stored locally by utilizing an optimization model based on field data; the data communication module is used for sending the matched regulation and control strategy to the energy consumption end, sending field data to a carbon flow edge terminal and a carbon flow master station, receiving regulation and control commands of the carbon flow edge terminal and the carbon flow master station and forwarding the regulation and control commands to the energy consumption end; the carbon flow monitoring terminal can directly formulate an on-site regulation and control strategy according to on-site data, and can also carry out regulation and control according to a command of a carbon flow master station or an edge terminal, so that the on-site response efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the regional regulation and control target is considered, and the carbon emission is reduced to the maximum extent; and meanwhile, the monitoring terminal uploads field data to the edge terminal and the carbon flow master station, so that comprehensive analysis of the energy flow and the carbon flow is realized.

The present invention provides a method of increasing the productivity of a microorganism by improving the assimilation of carbon dioxide. Specifically, the invention provides a polypeptide having phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity which does not require acetyl coenzyme A for activation and is desensitized to feedback inhibition by aspartic acid, and to genes coding for this polypeptide. A gene encoding a PEP carboxylase that is not regulated by acetyl-CoA or aspartic acid can improve carbon flow from the three carbon intermediate PEP to the four carbon intermediate OAA, contribute to compounds derived from OAA, and increase amino acid biosynthesis. The invention further provides recombinant DNA molecules containing these genes, bacteria transformed with these genes, and a method of producing amino acids using the transformed bacteria.

The invention relates to a method for regulating and controlling the carbon flow of phytoplankton. With phytoplankton as an example, by calculating the carbon flow of phytoplankton, regulation and storage of water reservoir are carried out according to relevant factors of carbon flow formation of phytoplankton so as to generate a man-made flood peak, a large-aperture interception device and a stirring device are arranged below a water source, the interception device can effectively intercept off large solid waste and floating objects, and decrease the impact strength to the stirring device, and meanwhile the stirring device can stir a water body and make the water body dissolve plenty of oxygen and undergo sufficient illumination for eliminating anaerobic reaction. Carbon fixation organisms are thrown into the water body reasonably for promoting absorption of natural food organisms in the water body and fixing carbon in the water body, so that the carbon flow is as close as possible toa value before dam construction.

A method for controlling mass flow of a hydrocarbon feed stream to a steam reformer said stream consisting of hydrogen and of natural gas, naphtha, off-gas, LPG, or a mixture hereof, and control molar carbon flow of a hydrocarbon feed stream and molar steam carbon ratio, comprising the steps of measurement of said process stream with a conventional differential pressure flow measuring element, providing a signal S' = k' x p x V<2>, measurement of same said process stream with a conventional vortex flow measuring element, providing a signal S'' = k'' x V, and determination of the mass flow and density of process stream from signals from both said flow measuring elements by the above formulae and M = p x V, as S' / S'' = k x rho x V = k x M and S' / (S'')<2> = k x rho .

Provided are methods for decreasing carbon flow into lignin in plants, comprising reducing or eliminating, using mutagenesis and/or recombinant means, expression and/or activity of at least one chloroplast-localized arogenate dehydratase (ADT) sufficient to reduce phenylalanine (Phe) availability for metabolism into Phe-derived phenylpropanoids, wherein the amount, level or distribution of lignin is reduced relative to control plants. In particular aspects, the plant has a plurality of chloroplast-localized ADTs, and reducing or eliminating comprises reducing or eliminating expression and/or activity of at least two of the plurality of ADTs. Also provided are recombinant plants or parts or cells thereof, comprising at least one mutation, genetic alteration or transgene that reduces or eliminates the expression and/or activity of at least one chloroplast-localized ADT, wherein the amount, level or distribution of lignin is reduced relative to normal. Further provided are reduced lignin plant products.

The invention belongs to the technical field of multi-energy hub optimization operation, and particularly relates to an integrated energy system energy hub management and control method considering carbon flow. Reasonable scheduling among each main body, an internal transaction center, a power grid, a gas grid and a carbon transaction center can be ensured more effectively and reliably. The method comprises the following steps: 1, establishing mathematical models of energy production equipment and energy conversion equipment in the integrated energy system; 2, establishing a stepped carbon price transaction mechanism model of a carbon emission permit quota model, an actual carbon emission model and a stepped carbon price model; 3, according to interaction of electricity, gas, carbon, heat and cold, establishing a comprehensive energy system energy hub mathematical model with introduced carbon flow; 4, establishing a mixed game architecture of cooperative games between the subjects and master-slave games between the subjects and the integrated energy system transaction center. 5, establishing an objective function and constraint conditions of the integrated energy system internal scheduling hybrid game model, and solving an optimal solution through a particle swarm algorithm.

The invention discloses a hydrogen extraction method capable of adjusting the hydrogen-carbon ratio of natural gas direct cracking circulation reaction gas. Reaction mixed gas obtained by methane catalytic thermal cracking hydrogen production is adopted as raw material gas, and the method includes pretreating the raw material gas, introducing the pretreated raw material gas into a hydrogen extraction system to obtain a hydrogen product and circulation reaction gas. When the hydrogen extraction system is a PSA hydrogen extraction system, the hydrogen-carbon flow ratio and the hydrogen-carbon concentration ratio are adjusted by adjusting the adsorption time and adjusting the pressure equalizing frequency; when the hydrogen extraction system is an osmotic membrane separation hydrogen extraction system, the hydrogen-carbon flow ratio is adjusted by adjusting the flow rate of the adjusting valve on the non-osmotic side and the osmotic membrane, and the hydrogen-carbon concentration ratio isachieved through several stages of osmotic membranes. According to the process, the hydrogen-carbon flow ratio and the hydrogen-carbon concentration ratio of the circulating reaction gas can be adjusted according to the reaction conditions of the methane catalytic direct cracking hydrogen production reactor so as to meet the reaction requirements, and the problems of high methane conversion rate,high utilization rate and high hydrogen yield and selectivity in the natural gas direct cracking hydrogen production process are solved.

The invention discloses a carbon flow situation awareness and low-carbon operation method for a multi-station integrated comprehensive energy station, and belongs to the technical field of electric energy. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, determining a main body structure, capacity configuration, an arrangement form and a wiring mode of the comprehensive energy station based on a principle of maximum utilization and most efficient construction and function positioning; drawing an energy flow-carbon flow diagram, tracking a carbon source, and sensing a carbon flow situation; according to the load capacity and photovoltaic power generation characteristics of various facilities of the comprehensive energy station, energy flow and carbon flow information is analyzed, main factors influencing carbon emission are obtained, and a low-carbon optimization operation model is constructed. Real-time sensing and low-carbon operation of the carbon flow situation of the comprehensive energy station are achieved, the energy structure, the energy flow direction and the carbon flow information of the comprehensive energy station are visually displayed, and an energy conservation and emission reduction strategy is provided for operation of an existing comprehensive energy station and planning of a to-be-built comprehensive energy station.