168results about How to "Lower emission levels" patented technology

An internal combustion engine that has a pair of cylinders each having a reciprocating piston connected to a crank shaft by a connecting rod. One of the cylinders is adapted for an air and fuel intake and a compression strokes only, and the other of the cylinders adapted for at least power and exhaust strokes. A conduit exists for transfer of gases from the one into the other cylinder after the compression stroke. The conduit has means for isolating gases in the conduit intermediate the compression and power strokes. Furthermore, the conduit is designed to prevent the transfer of liquefied fuel from the one cylinder to the other.

Solid proppants are coated with a coating that exhibits the handling characteristics of a pre-cured coating while also exhibiting the ability to form particle-to-particle bonds at the elevated temperatures and pressures within a wellbore. The coating includes a substantially homogeneous mixture of (i) at least one isocyanate component having at least 2 isocyanate groups, and (ii) a curing agent comprising a monofunctional alcohol, amine or amide. The coating process can be performed with short cycle times, e.g., less than about 4 minutes, and still produce a dry, free-flowing, coated proppant that exhibits low dust characteristics during pneumatic handling but also proppant consolidation downhole for reduced washout and good conductivity. Such proppants also form good unconfined compressive strength without use of an bond activator, are substantially unaffected in bond formation characteristics under downhole conditions despite prior heat exposure, and are resistant to leaching with hot water.

A fuel supply system and method thereof that utilizes an off-gas in addition to the primary fuel to lower the emissions of a gas turbine combustion system is disclosed. The fuel supply system apparatus comprises a fuel gas supply conduit and an off-gas supply conduit in fluid communication with the fuel gas supply conduit such that the flow of an off-gas to the fuel gas supply conduit can be regulated as required by the operator to the desired fuel nozzle(s). The fuel gas supply preferably operates with natural gas and the off-gas supply preferably comprises the constituents hydrogen and methane.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a method and system of operating a combustion system that has Lean direct injection (LDI) functionality. The method and system provides a passive cooling system for an injector of the LDI system. The method and system may also provide a means to direct the flow of the fluid exiting the injector of the LDI system.

A process is described that removes by oxidation the excess ammonia (NH3) gas from flue gases that have been subjected to selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) by ammonia injection. The inventive process incorporates a secondary catalyst of precious metal and vanadia on a metal oxide such as titania to catalyze the oxidation of both ammonia and carbon monoxide (CO) while maintaining sulfur dioxide (SO2) levels.

Solid proppants are coated with a coating that exhibits the handling characteristics of a precured coating while also exhibiting the ability to form particle-to-particle bonds at the elevated temperatures and pressures within a wellbore. The coating includes a substantially homogeneous mixture of (i) at least one isocyanate component having at least 2 isocyanate groups, and (ii) a curing agent. The coating process can be performed with short cycle times, e.g., less than about 4 minutes, and still produce a dry, free-flowing, coated proppant that exhibits low dust characteristics during pneumatic handling but also proppant consolidation downhole for reduced washout and good conductivity.

A method for enhancing the operation of an electrical power supply includes selecting a prime mover having a chosen power rating. An induction motor having a first power rating at a rated speed and a second power rating at an overspeed is chosen. The overspeed may be at least about 10%, or at least about 25%, 50%, 75%, 10 to 300%, 25 to 300%, or 50 to 100%, greater than the rated speed. The induction motor may be chosen so that the second power rating is substantially the same as the chosen power rating of the prime mover. The induction motor is driven by the prime mover so that the induction motor acts as an induction generator. The system may also comprise a control module to monitor the performance of the power supply and to provide a throttle control signal in response to a control parameter signal. A circuit input of a phase shift circuit may be connected to a generator output. A converter input of an AC to DC converter may be connected to a circuit output of the phase shift circuit. A reservoir input of an energy reservoir may be connected to a converter output of the AC to DC converter.

The invention relates to a method and a device for assisting a driver of a vehicle, said vehicle having an engine and a braking system, an accelerator that conveys the driver's wishes concerning acceleration to the engine, and a brake pedal that conveys the driver's wishes concerneing retardation to the braking system. In accordance with the method a speed profile is determined for the driving distance, which speed profile comprises a relation between a speed set point and position. Furthermore, the engine and the braking system are controlled on the basis of the speed profile and at least one actuator influences the accelerator or braking pedal of the vehicle in accordance with said control. The driver is permitted to override the influence of the actuator only if a force that is greater than a predetermined threshold value is applied on one of the pedals.

A fuel supply system and method thereof that utilizes an off-gas in addition to the primary fuel to lower the emissions of a gas turbine combustion system is disclosed. The fuel supply system apparatus comprises a fuel gas supply conduit and an off-gas supply conduit in fluid communication with the fuel gas supply conduit such that the flow of an off-gas to the fuel gas supply conduit can be regulated as required by the operator to the desired fuel nozzle(s). The fuel gas supply preferably operates with natural gas and the off-gas supply preferably comprises the constituents hydrogen and methane.

This invention is an air induction system that enables an enhanced flow of temperature-controlled, magnetically influenced forced air to the air intake of internal combustion, turbine-type, and other engines having an air intake manifold. An interior air inlet is positioned in communication with a passenger compartment of the vehicle. Additionally, or alternatively, a plenum outlet is positioned in an HVAC plenum of the vehicle. An air supply duct extends between the interior air inlet and / or the plenum outlet and the air intake manifold supplies conditioned air to the air intake manifold. Performance may be enhanced with the positioning of magnets and / or an air diverter valve into the system. As a result of the enhanced flow of magnetically influenced air and the more steady state of the temperature of the inducted air, fuel consumption and air emissions levels are reduced.

A burner is provided that has high flame stability and reduces NOx emissions. In the burner, air holes of an air hole member have a central axis inclined relative to a burner central axis. The leading end portion of a first fuel nozzle is configured to be able to suppress turbulence of air-flow flowing on the outer circumference side of the first fuel nozzle. The tip of the first fuel nozzle is located on a fuel jetting-out directional downstream side of the inlet of the fuel hole. The tip of the second fuel nozzle is located on a fuel jetting-out directional downstream side of the air hole inlet.

This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for wirelessly transmitting power while avoiding interference with wireless communication devices. In one aspect a wireless power transmitter apparatus is provided. The wireless power transmitter apparatus includes a transmit circuit configured to wirelessly transmit power at a transmit frequency to a first receiver device. The wireless power transmitter apparatus further includes a controller circuit configured to reduce a level of emission of the transmit circuit at a determined frequency during a period of time based on information about an information signal transmitted to a second receiver device substantially at the determined frequency to be received within the period of time.

The present invention relates to electric control system for turbocharging of engine and the variable nozzle turbocharging control method and system features that in the electric control system,target pressure value is obtained through collecting the rotation speed, oil valve position, charging pressure and intake temperature of the engine and judging the working state of the engine. In the system, stepped motor as the executor is connected to the regulating crank of turbine nozzle ring via a link. During the transition course, the nozzle ring opening is regulated to some certain value by theexecutor through open-loop predication control; and while during stable state, closed-loop digital PID control has the charging pressure signal of intake manifold as controlled target.

The present invention provides for a system and process for enhancing internal combustion engine aftertreatment applications by superheated fuel injection. The system includes a fuel supply upstream of a fuel injector of an aftertreatment application. The system also includes a heater for heating the fuel in the fuel supply. A temperature controller can be used to maintain the heated fuel in a liquid form. When liquid fuel in the pressurized fuel supply is heated, then upon exiting the injector the pressure of the fuel drops rapidly, resulting in atomization of the liquid. The vaporized fuel thereby produced is comprised of extremely small droplets and is elevated in temperature, which reduces the possibility of condensation on internal surfaces of the aftertreatment system. This fine droplet size and resistance to condensation enhances the NOx conversion efficiency of adsorbers. Problems related to premature aging of catalysts and fuel penalties can also be reduced.

A film is provided, and in particular, a film having at least one gas barrier layer that comprises a noise-dampening polymer resin and of a polyglycolic acid resin. The polyglycolic-based films provide excellent gas barrier properties while maintaining a desirable level of softness and low noise making them ideal for a variety of medical applications.

A radiant burner comprises a body defining a premixing chamber and a combustion chamber. The premixing chamber is separated from the combustion chamber by at least one radiant burner plate (2) which has multiple levels of burner surface. The combustion chamber is further limited by a first radiant screen (4). The radiant burner further comprises a second radiant screen (3) in the combustion chamber. The second radiant screen is spaced from, but near and parallel to the radiant burner plate(s), such that this second radiant screen acts as an extended burner surface and also heats up said at least one radiant burner plate when in use.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a method and system of operating a combustion system that has Lean direct injection (LDI) functionality. The method and system provides a passive cooling system for an injector of the LDI system. The method and system may also provide a means to direct the flow of the fluid exiting the injector of the LDI system.

The pH value of excess sludge taken out from a biological oxidation tank (2) is adjusted to 8 to 14, and the pH-adjusted sludge is injected into a solubilizing device (3). The sludge taken out from the solubilizing device (3) is heated to 110° C. to 350° C. at a pressure higher than saturated steam pressure to solubilize the sludge to a state readily degradable by microorganisms. The solubilized sludge is returned to a biological oxidizing tank (2), and the pH value of the sludge in the biological oxidizing tank (2) to 5 to 9. The use of the above method of treating excess sludge and an apparatus therefore enables substantially reducing the volume of excess sludge with economic advantage.

A method for the reduction of mercury emissions from an industrial plant that utilizes a cement or minerals kiln that has a high level of mercury emissions during specific operating conditions. The invention reduces a large spike in mercury emissions typically seen in cement kiln systems when the in-line raw mill is shut-down and all preheater gases are vented to the stack directly. The invention diverts the preheater gases to a cooling device that functions as an adsorption reactor to provide mercury absorption during periods when the raw mill is not in operation.

A two-stroke engine having both a direct injector and an indirect injector. The direct injector injects fuel into the cylinder without passing through the crank case. The indirect injector is in fluid communication with the crank case. It provides fuel delivery through the crank case and through a transfer channel to the cylinder. A controller is coupled to the direct injector and to the indirect injector. The controller starts, stops, and varies the fuel delivery of each injector. The controller is programmed to increase the fuel delivery of the indirect injector at a predetermined engine speed. The controller maintains primary fuel flow through the direct injector below a predetermined engine speed. The controller varies the fuel delivery based on at least one of following: engine speed, throttle position, exhaust valve position, intake air temperature, exhaust temperature, barometric pressure, coolant water temperature, and piston position.

Compressed air is fed from a pressurized reservoir (5) thru a nozzle / vortex unit (1) simultaneously drawing ambient air through an air filter element (10). The air mixes in a merging plenum (7) where air-charge multiplication occurs resulting in boost or positive pressure conditions. The positive pressure introduced to the intake air of the engine results in a higher cylinder combustion compression ratio. The increase compression ratio with proper air to fuel ratio results in an increase in horsepower and torque. Air is controlled by a computer (6), regulators, solenoids, micro-switches, and nozzle configurations. Air is supplied via reservoir (5) and replenished from mechanical or electric air pumps (FIG. 3 18s, 18b, 18c, 18d). Alternative fuels / gases can be added such as nitrous oxide or propane (3, 4). In diesel engine applications (FIG. 3), the power and torque increases can also be experienced, but also reduce emission levels at low rpm or idle mode conditions.

A combustor, in which a flame holding region is formed at a location distant from a pilot burner to avoid burnout of the pilot burner and in which flame holding capability is increased to use a lean pre-mix gas for reducing NOx emission, is provided. The combustor includes a combustion liner having a cylindrical side wall that defines a combustion chamber; and a main burner positioned at a top portion of the combustion liner for injecting an annular pre-mix gas into the combustion chamber to form a reverse flow region at a downstream portion thereof, which region is oriented towards the top portion of the combustion chamber along a longitudinal axis. In this combustor, a pilot burner is arranged at the top portion for injecting a mixture of fuel and air only in a direction confronting the reverse flow region.

The invention discloses a combustion mode control system of a gasoline premixing and diesel igniting engine and a control policy thereof. After an electronic control unit acquires the cooling water temperature, the air inlet temperature, the air flow, the engine crankshaft rotating speed and the accelerator pedal position information to judge the operating conditions of the engine, action commands are sent to a gasoline injector and a diesel injector to control the combustion mode of the engine; the operation steps are as follows: (a) the automobile operation state is judged; and the corresponding engine combustion mode is selected; (b) the engine load state is judged, and the corresponding engine combustion mode is selected; and (c) when the engine is positioned in the working condition of medium load, the engine combustion mode is selected. The dynamic performance and the economic performance of automobiles are guaranteed; and the nitric oxide and PM discharge indexes are reduced.

The invention is a new solid fuel combining coal and biomass and the process for making such fuel. The coal must be selected and prepared to be the correct sizes and quality, including the moisture content and levels of pollutants. Biomass must be selected and prepared by grinding and through a heating process in order to remove moisture and partially char the biomass. The biomass may be selected based on its percentage volume of carbon and hydrogen. A third material, binder is prepared in volumes to associate with the coal and biomass. The coal, biomass and binder are mixed in appropriate quantities and may be delivered to an extrusion, press pellet or briquetting machine that forms the mixture into an appropriate size and shape for the intended combustion situation. The resultant solid fuel has had desired properties for efficient burning and emission levels in the furnace for which it is designed.

Exhaust aftertreatment systems and methods are described for reducing emissions output therefrom. In one example, an exhaust gas aftertreatment system comprises a first catalyst downstream of a branchpoint in a first exhaust pathway, a second catalyst downstream of the branchpoint in a second exhaust pathway, an electrical heater positioned upstream of the branchpoint for heating the exhaust flow, a control unit for adjusting an exhaust heating current of the electrical heater, and a valve for adjusting a distribution of exhaust flow to the first and second catalyst, the control unit including instructions to adjust the valve responsive to a substrate temperature within one or more of the first and second catalysts. In this way, an exhaust system with increased efficiency across a range of operating temperatures is realized that reduces emissions and energy expended during usage.

The invention discloses an highway variable speed limit and lane change cooperative control method under vehicle-road cooperation, and the method specifically comprises the steps: laying a road side unit, and dividing a highway section containing an entrance ramp into a plurality of control sections; predicting that traffic congestion will occur in the next period in the highway bottleneck area; controlling the speed of the vehicle on the entrance ramp in the current period; determining the critical density of the main line lane allowing convergence after convergence; judging whether the traffic density of each control road section on the highway main line in the next period is greater than the critical density of the main line lane allowing convergence after convergence or not; carrying out the variable speed limiting control and lane changing control on each control road section on the highway main line; issuing the control information to the vehicle-mounted prompting system, and regulating and controlling the flow flowing into the downstream. According to the invention, on the basis of real-time information sharing of vehicle-road cooperation, through cooperation of variable speed limit control and lane change control, the passing efficiency of the highway is improved, a large number of centralized lane change behaviors are reduced, and the risk of rear-end collision is reduced.