The invention provides an intelligent target scoring system and method based on a multi-bullet-hole mode recognition algorithm. The system comprises a sound control sensor, a swarm intelligence camera, a supervisory control computer and a mobile client. The intelligence camera is arranged in front of targets. Shooting signals trigger the intelligence camera to collect images through the sound control sensor. A target surface positioning correction algorithm, a multi-bullet-hole recognition sorting algorithm and a target scoring algorithm are used for acquiring the bullet hole type and shooting scoring information in real time, and then the information is uploaded to the supervisory control computer and the mobile client through an internal WIFI module. The mobile client conducts voice target scoring, the supervisory control computer displays the shooting scoring information of each shooter in real time, and a user interface is provided for performing statistical query and intelligent management on the shooting information. According to the intelligent target scoring system and method, shooting target scoring of each target is independent and does not depend on the supervisory control computer, the structure is simple, and safety and reliability are achieved; and meanwhile, the provided mode recognition method is high in antijamming capability, the bullet hole recognition rate is high and real-time performance and accuracy can be achieved.