The invention belongs to the technical field of vaccine management, and discloses a method for constructing a credible vaccine traceability system based on a block chain technology, which adopts an alliance chain architecture and adopts a group and node combined mixed mode, and a business architecture, a hardware architecture, a software architecture and a data docking interface scheme are determined to construct the trusted vaccine traceability system based on the block chain technology. Based on the block chain and credible traceability technology, all related parties in the processes of vaccine examination and approval, production, circulation, inoculation and the like can be linked, information of each transaction link is tracked and recorded in the whole process, a combined code is formed by a vaccine identification code, a cold chain equipment code, an audience code, an inoculation unit code and an inoculation doctor code, and the information of each transaction link is tracked and recorded in the whole process. And a traceable safe inoculation credit system is constructed. According to the construction of the block chain + vaccine credible tracing system, the source is reliable, tampering-free, whole-course supervision, human and vaccine association, code scanning inoculation and credible tracing are realized, and guarantee is provided for public health.