The invention relates to a salt-free and low-alkali cycle dyeing process for cellulose fibers, which belongs to the technical field of textile dyeing. The present invention includes the steps of cellulose fiber modification treatment, water washing treatment and cycle dyeing, wherein the cellulose fiber modification treatment uses a small molecular quaternary ammonium salt cationic modifier and a high molecular quaternary ammonium salt cationic modifier to modify the cellulose fiber sexual processing. The present invention adopts two specific modifiers to exert the synergistic effect of the two, together with specific dyeing steps, so that the cellulose fibers can be dyed without salt and low alkali, reduce pollution, save costs, and simplify the process , lower difficulty, good modification and dyeing effect, suitable for large-scale industrial production. Because the dyeing residual liquid of the present invention is close to colorless and clear, it can be recycled and continued to be used in the salt-free dyeing of the present invention, and because the dyeing residual liquid is close to colorless and clear, dyes of different colors can be continuously used in cyclic dyeing. Cyclic dyeing.