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Flame retardant additive, preparation method of flame retardant additive and lithium battery

A technology of flame retardant additives and flame retardants, which is applied in the field of electrochemistry and can solve the problems of low safety performance of lithium batteries

Active Publication Date: 2017-05-31
QINGDAO UNIV
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a flame retardant additive and its preparation method, lithium battery, to overcome the defects of existing flame retardants affecting the performance of lithium batteries, and the defects of low safety performance of existing lithium batteries

Method used

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  • Flame retardant additive, preparation method of flame retardant additive and lithium battery
  • Flame retardant additive, preparation method of flame retardant additive and lithium battery
  • Flame retardant additive, preparation method of flame retardant additive and lithium battery

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preparation example Construction

[0049] The invention also provides a preparation method of the flame retardant additive,

[0050] Method I includes the following steps:

[0051] (1) uniformly mixing the flame retardant, organic matter and water to obtain the first mixed solution, wherein the mass ratio of the flame retardant, organic matter and water is 1:1:998-1:1:98;

[0052] (2) Spray drying the first mixed solution to obtain a flame retardant additive whose shell is an organic shell, wherein the drying temperature is 100°C-150°C, and the injection rate is 5-25mL / min.

[0053] Method II includes the following steps:

[0054] (1) Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and water are mixed uniformly to obtain a second mixed solution, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is added in the second mixed solution to prepare silicon dioxide. The prepared silica is sintered at high temperature to obtain hollow silica;

[0055] Wherein, the mass fraction of ethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in the second mixed solution is ...

Embodiment 1

[0065] This example is used to illustrate the flame retardant additive prepared according to method I of the present invention.

[0066] (1) 1g triphenyl phosphate (TPP), 1g polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and 998g water are mixed uniformly to obtain the first mixed solution;

[0067] (2) Spray-dry the first mixed solution, set the inlet temperature of the spray dryer to 150° C., and the injection rate to 10 mL / min to prepare the flame retardant additive.

[0068] Since polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is less soluble in water than triphenyl phosphate (TPP), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) will preferentially precipitate and become solid, covering the outer surface of triphenyl phosphate (TPP). A flame retardant additive that forms a core-shell structure with an outer shell of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and an inner shell of triphenyl phosphate (TPP). The diameter of the core-shell structure is 0.2 μm-5 μm, and the thickness of the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) shell 0.1μm-0.5μm.

[0069] fig...

Embodiment 2

[0074] This example is used to illustrate the flame retardant additive prepared according to method I of the present invention.

[0075] (1) Mix 1g triphenyl phosphate (TPP), 1g polyethylene oxide (PEO) and 500g water to obtain the first mixed solution;

[0076] (2) Spray-dry the first mixed solution, set the inlet temperature of the spray dryer to 120°C, and the injection rate to 15mL / min to prepare the flame retardant additive.

[0077] Since the solubility of polyethylene oxide (PEO) in water is lower than that of triphenyl phosphate (TPP), polyethylene oxide (PEO) will preferentially precipitate and become a solid state, covering the outer surface of triphenyl phosphate (TPP). A flame retardant additive that forms a core-shell structure with polyethylene oxide (PEO) as the outer shell and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) as the inner. The diameter of the core-shell structure is 0.5 μm-3 μm, and the thickness of the polyethylene oxide (PEO) shell is 0.1μm-1μm.

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Abstract

The invention discloses a flame retardant additive, a preparation method of the flame retardant additive and a lithium battery. The flame retardant additive is of a core shell structure, and comprises a flame retardant, an organic matter shell layer, an inorganic oxide shell layer or an organic and inorganic composite shell layer, wherein the organic matter shell layer, the inorganic oxide shell layer or the organic and inorganic composite shell layer is coated on the outer surface of the flame retardant; the flame retardant additive can be coated on the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the lithium battery or the surface of an isolation membrane through a bonding agent; or the flame retardant additive is added into electrolyte. When the flame retardant additive is applied to the lithium battery, the flame retardant is not directly in contact with the electrolyte of the lithium battery, so that the flame retardant cannot cause adverse influence on the performance of the lithium battery. The corresponding flame retardant additive can be selected according to the burning temperature of the electrolyte, so that the melting point of a shell layer of the flame retardant additive or the gasification temperature of the flame retardant is smaller than the burning temperature of the electrolyte; before the temperature of the electrolyte of the lithium battery reaches the burning temperature, the flame retardant is released from the shell layer, so that the flame retardant achieves a flame retardant effect; the burning or the explosion of the lithium battery is prevented; the safety of the lithium battery is improved.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemistry, and in particular relates to a flame retardant additive, a preparation method thereof, and a lithium battery. Background technique [0002] Lithium-ion batteries have the advantages of high energy density, long life, small self-discharge, no memory effect, and environmental friendliness, and have become the most important new energy storage batteries at present. Although the safety of lithium-ion batteries has been significantly improved after years of continuous improvement, in extreme environments or abuse conditions, the heat generation rate of the battery is much higher than the heat dissipation rate, causing heat accumulation inside the battery, further causing the battery to burn or even explode. Serious threat to human property and life. Especially in recent years, in order to meet the needs of electric vehicles and energy storage systems, the research and development of high-cap...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): H01M10/42H01M10/058
CPCH01M10/058H01M10/4235H01M2220/30Y02E60/10Y02P70/50
Inventor 石川宁新
Owner QINGDAO UNIV
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