Method for preparing metal aluminum through bauxite pelletizing, chlorination and electrolysis and comprehensively utilizing bauxite

Abstract

A method for preparing metal aluminum through bauxite pelletizing, chlorination and electrolysis and comprehensively utilizing bauxite comprises the following steps that the bauxite, a carbon source and a kaolin ingredient are fetched according to a ratio and evenly mixed, so that a mixed material is obtained, and a binder and water are added to the mixed material, wherein the mass of the binder accounts for 1.0%-2.0% of the total mass of the mixed material, and the mass of the water accounts for 2.0%-5.0% of the total mass of the mixed material; even mixing is conducted, pelletizing and air drying are conducted; chlorination and separation are conducted on the pellets, so that anhydrous aluminum chloride, anhydrous ferric chloride, silicon tetrachloride, titanium tetrachloride, scandium chloride and gallium chloride are obtained; the anhydrous aluminum chloride is directly electrolyzed, so that metal aluminum and chlorine are obtained; the chlorine returns to the chlorination stage; the silicon tetrachloride is further purified; the titanium tetrachloride is refined to be used as a raw material of titanium sponge; and the scandium chloride is enriched in chlorination residues to be used as a scandium extraction raw material. According to the method, the cost is low, the raw materials are low in price and easy to obtain, through pelletizing chlorination, a chlorination reaction is complete, the operation process is easy, the automation degree of electrolysis is high, the prepared metal aluminum has high purity, and chlorine, zinc and other raw materials can be circularly utilized.

Description

Technical field: [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of bauxite utilization, and in particular relates to a method for preparing metal aluminum through chlorination and electrolysis of bauxite balls and comprehensive utilization thereof. Background technique: [0002] The vast majority of bauxite in my country (>95%) is diaspore-type bauxite, and only the bauxite in some areas such as Hainan is gibbsite-type, but it has not been industrially applied so far. my country's bauxite is characterized by high aluminum, high silicon and low iron (a small number of exceptions), that is, high alumina content and high silicon oxide content, but relatively low aluminum silicon (mostly between 4-7), aluminum silicon High-quality bauxite resources with a ratio of more than 9 only account for 18.5% of the total reserves. The weighted average aluminum-silicon ratio of bauxite in more than 40 typical mining areas across the country is only about 6. Except for a few mining...

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Problems solved by technology

[0009] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing alumina by chlorination and electrolysis of bauxite balls and its comprehensive utilization in view of the technical problems of long process, high energy consumption and inability to comprehensively utilize existing technologies. The purpose is to make bauxite into pellets through batching; the pellets can be chlorinated, separated, and purified to obtain anhydrous aluminum chloride, anhydrous ferric chloride, silicon tetrachloride, titanium tetrachloride, and scandium chloride. , gallium chloride products; direct electrolysis of anhydrous aluminum chloride to obtain metal aluminum and chlorine gas; the chlorine gas generated by electrolysis is returned to the chlorination section; silicon tetrachloride is further purified, and polysilicon can be prepared by reduction with high-purity zinc, and the by-product zinc chloride Zinc and chlorine gas can be obtained through electrolysis, and zinc can be recycled to reduce silicon tetrachloride, and chlorine gas can be returned to the chlorination section to realize the recycling of zinc and chlorine gas; titanium tetrachloride can be used as a raw material for sponge titanium after being refined; scandium is rich in chloride slag Set, can be used as scandium extraction raw material

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