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Aluminum electrolysis waste cathode calcination treatment method

A disposal method and technology for electrolytic aluminum, applied in chemical instruments and methods, alkali metal fluoride, inorganic chemistry, etc., can solve the problems of ineffective recovery of fluoride, low value of carbon powder, environmental pollution, etc., to achieve harmless The effect of chemical disposal and resource utilization

Active Publication Date: 2018-01-26
HUAQI ENVIRONMENTAL CLEAN TECH
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Due to the lack of advanced electrolytic aluminum waste cathode harmless disposal and resource recycling technology at home and abroad, the landfill treatment method generally adopted by electrolytic aluminum enterprises not only caused great pollution to the environment but also caused a great waste of resources.
[0004] At present, in my country and even in the world, the waste cathodes of electrolytic aluminum are mainly disposed of by wet method, combustion method, landfill method and storage in warehouses. Among them, the carbon powder obtained by the wet method is not of high value, and the combustion method cannot effectively recover the fluoride in it.
Therefore, the high-cost landfill method is mainly used, but since most enterprises cannot carry out harmless landfill according to the disposal method of hazardous waste, the cost of building warehouses for storage is extremely high
Therefore, the environmental pollution problem of electrolytic aluminum waste cathode has not been effectively solved.

Method used

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Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0035] This embodiment provides a method for calcination and disposal of spent electrolytic aluminum cathodes, which includes:

[0036] The 1-20mm granular electrolytic aluminum waste cathode carbon blocks are calcined at 2200°C for 90 minutes to volatilize the fluorides, oxides, etc., and the cyanides are decomposed into nitrogen oxides and carbon oxides. The flue gas is mainly separated from various substances in the flue gas by means of segmental temperature control followed by winnowing and classification, and the calcined graphitized carbon is discharged out of the calciner after cooling.

[0037] After controlling the temperature of the flue gas I produced by calcining the spent electrolytic aluminum cathode at 1200°C, the flue gas I is mixed with the outside air and the temperature of the flue gas I is lowered to below 800°C to obtain the flue gas II, in which the flue gas I and the The flow rate ratio of the outside air is 1:2, and the volume ratio of the flue gas I to...

Embodiment 2

[0040] This embodiment provides a method for calcination and disposal of spent electrolytic aluminum cathodes, which is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that:

[0041] The 20-40mm granular electrolytic aluminum waste cathode carbon blocks were calcined at 2500°C for 70min. Subsequently, after controlling the temperature of the flue gas I produced by calcining the spent electrolytic aluminum cathode at 1400°C, the flue gas I was mixed with the outside air and the temperature of the flue gas I was lowered to below 800°C to obtain the flue gas II, in which the flue gas The flow rate ratio of I to the outside air is 1:4, and the volume ratio of flue gas I to the outside air is 1:7.

Embodiment 3

[0043] This embodiment provides a method for calcination and disposal of spent electrolytic aluminum cathodes, which is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that:

[0044] The 40-60mm granular electrolytic aluminum waste cathode carbon blocks were calcined at 2600°C for 60min. Subsequently, after controlling the temperature of the flue gas I produced by calcining the spent electrolytic aluminum cathode at 1500°C, the flue gas I was mixed with the outside air and the temperature of the flue gas I was lowered to below 800°C to obtain the flue gas II, in which the flue gas The flow rate ratio of I to the outside air is 1:5, and the volume ratio of flue gas I to the outside air is 1:9.

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Abstract

The present invention provides an aluminum electrolysis waste cathode calcination treatment method, and belongs to the field of solid waste treatment. The aluminum electrolysis waste cathode calcination treatment method comprises: controlling the temperature of flue gas I generated by calcining an aluminum electrolysis waste cathode at 1200-1700 DEG C, mixing the obtained flue gas I and outside gas, and cooling the flue gas I to achieve a temperature of less than 800 DEG C to obtain flue gas II, wherein a flow rate ratio of the flue gas I to the outside gas is 1:2-10, and a volume ratio of theflue gas I to the outside gas is 1:3-15. According to the present invention, by calcining the aluminum electrolysis waste cathode, the carbon in the waste cathode can be effectively separated from the fluoride, the oxide and the cyanide; and the method can easily achieve the flue gas cooling, and can further be matched with the wind separation grading treatment so as to easily recover the fluoride and the oxide, such that the harmless treatment and the resource utilization of the aluminum electrolysis waste cathode can be achieved.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the field of solid waste treatment, in particular to a method for calcination and disposal of electrolytic aluminum waste cathodes. Background technique [0002] The electrolytic aluminum cathode is made of calcined anthracite, metallurgical coke, graphite, etc. as aggregates, and coal tar pitch, etc., as binders after kneading. It is mainly used to make block or paste carbon products for the carbon lining of aluminum electrolytic cells. During aluminum electrolysis, the main reaction that occurs on the cathode is to melt into cryolite (Na 2 AlFeNa 2 AIF 6 AI in ) 3+ It is reduced to liquid metal aluminum, which accumulates on the surface of the bottom of the carbonaceous tank, and the liquid aluminum and the bottom of the carbonaceous tank together serve as the conductive cathode of the electrolytic cell. Because there are various fluorides and impurities in the electrolyte melt, the molten salt produced by electrolysis un...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): C01B32/205C01B9/08C01D3/02C01B13/14
Inventor 邹逢春
Owner HUAQI ENVIRONMENTAL CLEAN TECH
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