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Preparation method of potassium nitrate

A technology of potassium nitrate and nitric acid solution, applied in the chemical field, can solve the problems of high corrosion of equipment, no corrosion of aqua regia, difficult separation of hydrochloric acid and raw material nitric acid, etc., and achieve the effects of less corrosion of equipment, easy separation and low cost

Inactive Publication Date: 2020-03-06
安徽胜达化工科技有限公司
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0005] The hydrochloric acid by-product of this method is difficult to separate from the raw material nitric acid, and hydrochloric acid and nitric acid are mixed together to form aqua regia. Aqua regia is a highly corrosive liquid that is extremely corrosive to equipment. At present, there is no corroded equipment

Method used

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Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0027] A preparation method of potassium nitrate, comprising the following steps:

[0028] S1, adding magnesium oxide (purity: 99.5%) into the nitric acid solution, the mass fraction of the nitric acid solution is 46%, after reacting for 2.8 hours, then adding potassium chloride, reacting for 2.5 hours to obtain a reaction mixture;

[0029] The mol ratio of described nitric acid, magnesium oxide, potassium chloride is 1.8:1.4:1;

[0030] S2. Filter the reaction mixture obtained in S1, and then carry out the first cooling crystallization, the cooling rate of the first cooling crystallization is 14°C / hour, drop the temperature to 41°C, add polyferric sulfate, the polyferric sulfate The consumption is 1.0% of reaction mixture weight, after stirring for 30 minutes, centrifugation obtains potassium nitrate coarse crystal and the first mother liquor;

[0031] S3. The first mother liquor obtained in S2 is subjected to the second cooling crystallization, the cooling rate of the secon...

Embodiment 2

[0035] A preparation method of potassium nitrate, comprising the following steps:

[0036] S1, adding magnesite with a content of 91% into the nitric acid solution, the mass fraction of the nitric acid solution is 50%, after reacting for 2.2 hours, adding potassium chloride, reacting for 2.2 hours, to obtain a reaction mixture;

[0037] The mol ratio of described nitric acid, magnesium oxide, potassium chloride is 1.6:1.3:1;

[0038] S2. Filter the reaction mixture obtained in S1, and then carry out the first cooling crystallization, the cooling rate of the first cooling crystallization is 13°C / hour, cool down to 42°C, add polyferric sulfate, the polyferric sulfate The consumption is 1.1% of reaction mixture weight, after stirring for 40 minutes, centrifugation obtains potassium nitrate coarse crystal and the first mother liquor;

[0039] S3. The first mother liquor obtained in S2 is subjected to the second cooling crystallization, the cooling rate of the second cooling cryst...

Embodiment 3

[0043] A preparation method of potassium nitrate, comprising the following steps:

[0044] S1, the content of 94% magnesite was added to the nitric acid solution, the mass fraction of the nitric acid solution was 43%, after 2.6 hours of reaction, potassium chloride was added, and the reaction was carried out for 1.8 hours to obtain a reaction mixture;

[0045] The molar ratio of described nitric acid, magnesium oxide, potassium chloride is 1.7:1.2:1

[0046] S2. Filter the reaction mixture obtained in S1, and then carry out the first cooling crystallization. The cooling rate of the first cooling crystallization is 12°C / hour, and the temperature is lowered to 44°C. Polyferric sulfate is added. The polymeric ferric sulfate The consumption is 0.8% of reaction mixture weight, after stirring for 35 minutes, centrifugation obtains potassium nitrate coarse crystal and the first mother liquor;

[0047] S3. The first mother liquor obtained in S2 is subjected to the second cooling crys...

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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of potassium nitrate. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding nitric acid and magnesium oxide to a reactor, carrying out a reaction for 2-3 h, then adding potassium chloride, and carrying out a reaction for 1.5-3 h to obtain a reaction mixture; cooling and crystallizing the reaction mixture for the first time, and carrying out separating to obtain coarse potassium nitrate crystals and first mother liquor; carrying out secondary cooling crystallization and tertiary cooling crystallization on the first mother liquor, and performing separating to obtain wet potassium nitrate crystals and second mother liquor; and drying the wet potassium nitrate crystals to obtain potassium nitrate crystals. According to the preparation methodof potassium nitrate, nitric acid, potassium chloride and magnesia are used as raw materials, and the raw materials are cheap, easy to obtain and low in cost; the technological process of the method is simple; the reactions are performed at normal temperature and normal pressure, does not use any catalyst, produces no corrosive strong acid, and has small corrosion to equipment; and the produced potassium nitrate crystals are good in quality, high in purity and large in particle size.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the field of chemical industry, in particular to a preparation method of potassium nitrate. Background technique [0002] Potassium nitrate is one of the important chemical raw materials, widely used in various fields such as national defense, military industry, industry, agriculture, food additives, medicine, feed additives, optical glass and electronics industry. [0003] The direct production of potassium nitrate is based on the displacement reaction of potassium chloride and nitric acid [0004] KCl+HNO3→KNO3+HCl [0005] The hydrochloric acid by-product of this method is difficult to separate from the raw material nitric acid, and hydrochloric acid and nitric acid are mixed together to form aqua regia. Aqua regia is a highly corrosive liquid that is extremely corrosive to equipment. At present, there is no corroded equipment. Contents of the invention [0006] Based on the technical problems existing in the background...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): C01D9/04C01D9/12C01D9/16
CPCC01D9/04C01D9/12C01D9/16C01P2006/80
Inventor 常先进谭帅
Owner 安徽胜达化工科技有限公司
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