The invention discloses a solid state drive(SSD)-based file layout method in a large-scale storage system. According to the SSD-based file layout method, when a file is written into the storage system, a Vandermonde matrix is adopted to divide user data into n parts through the adoption of an asymmetric erasure code, the n parts of data is written on n SSDs, when the file is read to the storage system, according to arbitrary k parts (k is less than n) in the n parts data on the n SSDs, the Vandermonde matrix is used for calculating the whole file, wherein the k is the lowest quantity capable of recovering the user data, in addition, when the file is read, read requests are sent to the n SSDs, and the k parts of data returning in an earliest mode are used for recovering the data. If only garbage recovery is not carried out on the k parts of the n SSDs, the requests are free of influence of the garbage recovery. The SSD-based file layout method in the large-scale storage system has the advantages of being high in reliability, good in fault tolerance performance, long in service life of the SSD and low in influence of the SSD garbage recovery on the read requests.