The invention discloses a transmitting method of control signallings and reference signals based on a broadband single carrier system, and a transmitting signal unit in terms of a subframe, wherein, each subframe comprises one or more long data blocks and short data blocks for transmitting control signallings or reference signals. The method comprises following steps: utilizing a first short data block to transmit control signallings at the most front end of each subframe; after the first short data block, utilizing a second short data block to transmit reference signals; after the second short data block, utilizing the first, the second, the third, the fourth, the fifth long data blocks to transmit user data or signallings relating with data transmission; after the fifth long data block, utilizing the third short data block to transmit reference signals; after the third short data block, utilizing the fourth short data block to transmit control signallings or user data. The disadvantages of too long delay time of control signalling demodulation and resource waste in the prior art are overcame by using the method of the invention.