Equipment and method for preparing low-carbon olefins by cracking reactions

Abstract

The invention provides a reactor for preparing low-carbon olefins by cracking reactions, which has an entrance end (1) and an exit end (2), wherein the two ends are formed at opposite positions on the reactor; one fourth of the space from the entrance end (1) in the reactor is a combustion zone (3) and the rest space is a reaction area (4); the entrance end (1) is provided with a fuel and oxygen nozzle (5) communicated with the combustion zone (3), and the end ports except the nozzle are sealed; a reactor side wall between the combustion zone (3) and the reaction area (4) is provided with a raw material nozzle (6) and the exit end (2) has a product outlet (7); and the fuel and oxygen nozzle (5) and the raw material nozzle (6) are one or more than two nozzle structures. The invention also provides a method for preparing the low-carbon olefins by using the reactor.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a petrochemical process, and further relates to an equipment and method for preparing low-carbon olefins by cracking reaction. Background technique [0002] At present, the production technology of ethylene and propylene at home and abroad adopts the tubular steam cracking technology, that is, the cracking raw material is thermally cracked in the tube furnace tube with steam as a diluent under the conditions of high temperature, short residence time and low hydrocarbon partial pressure. , to produce ethylene, propylene, and by-products such as carbon four olefins, carbon five, and pyrolysis gasoline. This technology has a history of several decades, and representative patented technologies include LUMMUS, S.W, KBR in the United States and LIND in Germany. The typical olefin production process mainly includes cracking, quenching, compression, and separation. The representative patented technology is the cracking unit. Cracking ...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Such periodic coke cleaning operations not only reduce the operating rate of cracking furnaces, but also increase the number of furnaces accordingly

In addition, frequent furnace switching operations will affect the safety and stability of production

[0007] (3) At present, the capacity of a single large-scale cracking furnace is 100,000-150,000 tons of ethylene per year. An ethylene plant with a scale of 1 million tons per year needs to be equipped with 7-10 cracking furnaces. Due to the high material cost of the furnace tube The cost is high, and the investment in the furnace area accounts for about 1 / 3 of the whole device, which will have a significant impact on the investment and cost of olefin production

[0009] (5) The pyrolysis of olefins in the tube furnace requires a large amount of fuel consumption. The thermal efficiency of the tube furnace is generally 92-94%, and 6-8% of the heat will be lost to the atmosphere. At the same time, there will be a large amount of CO 2 , CO, NO, NO 2 Exhausted to the atmosphere, causing great environmental pollution

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