Lithium/air battery

An air battery and metal lithium technology, applied in battery electrodes, battery pack components, circuits, etc., can solve problems such as easy power failure, corrosion of anode metal lithium, and poor cycle performance, and achieve reduced corrosion, wide electrochemical window, The effect of high conductivity

Inactive Publication Date: 2011-08-17
HARBIN INST OF TECH
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0004] The invention aims to solve the technical problems of lithium-anode metal corrosion, easy power-off, and poor cycle performance in existing lithium-air batteries; and provide lithium-air batteries

Method used

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Experimental program
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specific Embodiment approach 1

[0014] Specific implementation mode 1: Combination figure 1 To illustrate, the lithium / air battery of this embodiment consists of a lithium metal anode 2, an anode chamber 3, a solid inorganic electrolyte (ie, inorganic fast ion conductor, super ion conductor) membrane 4, a diaphragm 5, a cathode chamber 6, a cathode 7, and a buffer chamber 8. , Wire 9 and casing 10; one end of the casing 10 is closed, the other end is open, the cathode 7 is fixed at the open end, the cathode 7 is composed of a carbon-supported catalyst; the casing 10 is separated by a solid inorganic electrolyte membrane 4 and a diaphragm 5 into an anode compartment 3 , The buffer chamber 8 and the cathode chamber 6, in which the diaphragm 5 is close to the open end of the casing 10, an anode chamber 3 is formed between the casing 10 and the solid inorganic electrolyte membrane 4, the anode chamber 3 is provided with a lithium metal anode 2, and the anode chamber 2 There is a hydrophobic ionic liquid inside. A...

specific Embodiment approach 2

[0018] Specific embodiment two: this embodiment is different from specific embodiment one in that the membrane 5 is a polypropylene nanofiltration membrane or a polyethylene nanofiltration membrane. Others are the same as the first embodiment.

[0019] The diaphragm 5 is used to form a buffer chamber 8 between the anode chamber 3 and the cathode chamber 6 to limit the cathode discharge product OH - The diffusion near the fast ion conductor produces an alkalinity gradient, so that the alkalinity in the buffer chamber 8 is not too high, thereby slowing down the corrosion of the fast ion conductor.

specific Embodiment approach 3

[0020] Specific embodiment three: this embodiment is different from specific embodiment one or two in that the material of the metal lithium anode 2 is lithium or a lithium alloy. Others are the same as the first or second embodiment.

[0021] The anode of this embodiment can use (battery grade) metallic lithium, or (industrial grade) metallic lithium, or lithium aluminum alloy, lithium magnesium alloy, or the like.

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Abstract

The invention discloses a lithium/air battery which belongs to the chemical power source field and is designed for solving the technical problem anode metallic lithium corrosion, high possibility of power failure and bad cycle performance of the existing lithium air battery. A shell is divided into an anode room, a buffer room and a cathode room by a solid inorganic electrolyte membrane and a diaphragm. The lithium/air battery uses a hydrophobic ionic liquid as an anode electrolyte, which has the advantages of non-volatile, high conductivity, wide electrochemical window, low melting point and moderate viscosity, and can prevent the metallic lithium from being corroded by water and oxygen. The cathode uses a water base-weak acid-buffer solution with the Ph of not less than 4 and not more than 5 as the electrolyte; compared with a neutral or alkaline electrolyte, the water base-weak acid-buffer solution ensures that the average discharge voltage (0.1-0.2V) can be improved, a discharge plateau can be prolonged, and the corrosion of the strongly alkaline electrolyte to the solid inorganic electrolyte membrane is reduced; and a cathode discharge product is a water-soluble LiOH which cannot deposit on the surface or in the duct of the cathode to cause power failure, and is good in cycle performance.

Description

Technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the field of chemical power sources; in particular, it relates to a lithium / air battery. Background technique [0002] Lithium-air battery is a battery that uses lithium (elemental or alloy) as the anode and oxygen (or pure oxygen) in the air as the cathode reactant. It has the advantages of high energy density, easy miniaturization and light weight. [0003] The current lithium-air battery has the following shortcomings: the application of water-based electrolyte severely corrodes the anode metal lithium, and the metal lithium has a high self-discharge rate. At present, most designs use "organic base-electrolyte" for the catholyte (for example, using ether substances as solvents and dissolving lithium salts as electrolytes). During discharge, the cathode electrolysis product in the organic electrolyte is lithium oxide (Li 2 O) and lithium peroxide (Li 2 O 2 ), Li 2 O and Li 2 O 2 Does not dissolve in organic solvents and decomposes...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): H01M12/06H01M2/16H01M4/40
CPCY02E60/128Y02E60/10
Inventor 顾大明张音王振波钱克俭许展铭
Owner HARBIN INST OF TECH
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