Double-solid-phase suspended bed reactor used for heavy oil hydrocracking and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a double-solid-phase suspended bed reactor used for heavy oil hydrocracking.The reactor comprises a shell, a conical bottom, a flow guide cylinder and a nozzle.A material outlet is formed in the top of the shell, the conical bottom is arranged at the bottom of the shell, the flow guide cylinder is coaxially arranged in the shell, the two ends of the flow guide cylinder are provided with openings, and the nozzle is disposed at the bottom of the conical bottom.The nozzle is provided with a loosening gas outlet hole, a driving gas outlet and a liquid outlet.The loosening gas outlet hole is close to the bottom of the conical bottom, and the driving gas outlet and the liquid outlet are higher than the loosening gas outlet hole.The invention further discloses application of the double-solid-phase suspended bed reactor to the heavy oil hydrocracking technology.According to the reactor, two catalysts with different particle sizes are used at the same time, the low-activity micron-size fine particle catalyst has the coke and metal adsorbing function and is discharged along with liquid-phase materials during operation, the high-activity micromicron-size coarse particle catalyst maintains high activity in reaction all the time and stays in the reactor for a long time to participate in reaction, and use efficiency of the catalysts is improved.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the field of coal chemical industry, and in particular relates to a double solid-phase suspended bed reactor for hydrocracking of coal tar, residual oil and heavy oil and its application. Background technique [0002] Heavy oil refers to hydrocarbon components with a boiling point greater than 350°C, which accounts for a large proportion of coal tar, residual oil, and heavy crude oil. Hydrocracking technology is often used for deep processing of heavy oil, and the core device is a hydrogenation reactor. Existing hydrogenation reactors include fixed beds, ebullating beds and suspended beds. The traditional fixed-bed hydrogenation reactor has disadvantages such as large pressure drop, uneven temperature distribution in the reactor, and easy deactivation of the catalyst, so it can only be applied to the hydrogenation of light heavy oil or distillate oil. However, ebullated bed and suspended bed reactors can deal with low-quality ...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

The ebullated bed reactor has the advantages of uniform temperature distribution in the reactor, high conversion rate of heavy oil, and strong adaptability of raw materials, but there are also problems such as complex equipment, and the catalyst is prone to coking and deactivation due to the adsorption of heavy metals.

The suspended bed hydrogenation reactor uses a micron-sized disposable fine particle catalyst. The catalyst and the liquid phase are fed at the same time in a slurry state, and the catalyst utilization efficiency is high. The reactor has the advantages of high conversion rate and uniform temperature distribution, but the fine particle catalyst cannot Retained in the reactor, it is easy to be discharged together with the material, and it is difficult to recover the catalyst

[0004] In the prior art, Chinese patent CN103265971A discloses a heterogeneous coal tar suspension bed hydrogenation process, using a single metal active component containing molybdenum, nickel, cobalt, tungsten or iron or a composite multi-metal component with a particle size of 1-100μm powdered catalyst is used to prepare catalyst oil slurry and pass it into one or more series-connected suspended bed hydrogenation reactors together with coal tar and hydrogen to prepare light oil. The catalyst used in this process is expensive and easy to run off Damage; Chinese patent CN1362477A discloses a process technology for processing low-quality oil using an ebullated bed. In this technology, a fluid distribution plate or a sieve plate is used to divide the ebullated bed reactor into different reaction zones, and the catalyst expansion ratio and the catalyst expansion ratio of each reaction zone are controlled. Catalyst replacement speed to achieve the purpose of fully exerting the activity of the catalyst, but the structure and operation of the reactor are relatively complicated; Chinese patent CN104560137A discloses an internal circulation ebullating bed reactor, in which a three-phase separation zone and a boiling zone are set , Circulation area, eliminating the circulation pump and material level monitor, the operation is simple, but the feed stream needs to enter the reactor through the rear of the gas-liquid distributor, and the flow energy of the inlet material is small, while the general hydrocracking reactor is at low Operating at gas velocity and low liquid velocity, it is difficult to induce internal fluid circulation with a gas-liquid distributor

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