Catalyst, preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a catalyst and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises: contacting a soluble nickel salt, a soluble salt compound of metal M, a silicon source able to provide silica with a precipitant able to precipitate nickel and/or metal M ions in a solvent, filtering the contact product, and drying and roasting the obtained solid in order, wherein the M is selected from one or more of I B, II B, II A and group VIII metals except Ni. The catalyst prepared according to the method provided by the invention can be applied in preparation of trichlorosilane by hydrogenation of silicon tetrachloride. Compared with conventional aluminum-based catalysts, the catalyst prepared by the method provided by the invention has the advantages that: in the reaction atmosphere of preparation of trichlorosilane by hydrogenation of silicon tetrachloride, the SiO2 carrier is stable, the catalyst skeleton is not easily damaged as the carriers in traditional hydrogenation catalysts, therefore the service life can be longer, and compared with nickel salt and copper salt catalysts commonly used in the prior art, the activity is enhanced.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a catalyst preparation method, a catalyst prepared by the method, and an application thereof in preparing trichlorosilane by hydrogenation of silicon tetrachloride. Background technique [0002] In recent years, with the depletion of traditional energy sources worldwide and the continuous increase in oil prices, the world is actively developing and utilizing renewable energy. As a renewable clean energy, solar energy has developed rapidly because of its cleanliness, safety and abundant resources. Therefore, the demand for high-purity polycrystalline silicon as a raw material for solar cells is increasing. [0003] In the polysilicon production process, the production of 1 ton of polysilicon will produce more than 10 tons of silicon tetrachloride and about 1-5 tons of hydrogen chloride. Since there is no large-scale, efficient and safe digestion and treatment of SiCl produced in the process of producing polysilicon 4 However,...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0009] It can be seen from the background technology that the commonly used supported nickel-based catalysts of the prior art are generally used to carry out the hydrogenation of silicon tetrachloride, and there is still no special catalyst for the hydrogenation of silicon tetrachloride, while the commonly used supported nickel-based catalysts of the prior art are used for hydrogenation of silicon tetrachloride. In the hydrogenation process of silicon tetrachloride, the stability of the catalyst is poor, which leads to problems such as easy loss of active components and easy agglomeration

Therefore, the inventors of the present invention broke through the conventional thinking and found that in the traditional loading process of preparing hydrogenation catalysts (generally, the loading process of using soluble salts on the carrier) to add a precipitant for loading, and introduce metal M as the active group points, the catalyst prepared according to the method of the present invention can be used in the reaction of preparing trichlorosilane by the hydrogenation of silicon tetrachloride no longer exists the problem that the aforementioned poor stability leads to a decrease in activity. Based on this finding, the present invention has been completed

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