Dual-drive dispersion strengthening heavy oil hydrogenation reaction system and process

Abstract

The invention discloses a dual-drive dispersion strengthening heavy oil hydrogenation reaction system and process. The method comprises the following steps: generating micro-nano scale reaction strengthening micro-elements with adjustable quantity and scale in a heavy oil hydrogenation complex multi-phase reaction system; and essentially and comprehensively improving the synergistic matching property of the reaction kinetics rate and the micro-scale molecular diffusion transfer rate in the heavy oil hydrocracking micro-reaction process, so that the enhancement of the reaction process is closeto or reaches the kinetics limit of the main chemical reaction involved in the heavy oil hydrogenation lightening process. Compared with an existing multiphase flow reaction system involving gas-liquid, gas-liquid-solid and other multiphase reactions, the specific phase interface area is increased by 2-3 orders of magnitudes; the total mass transfer rate is increased by 1-2 orders of magnitudes, the field distribution in the reaction system is substantially and remarkably optimized, the raw material conversion rate is substantially increased, the reaction volume space velocity is increased, the chemical hydrogen consumption in the reaction process is reduced, and finally the macroscopic reaction rate in the heavy inferior oil lightening process is remarkably increased.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of reaction process intensification, and in particular relates to a dual-drive dispersion intensified heavy oil hydrogenation reaction system and process. Background technique [0002] With the increasing trend of heavy crude oil and high sulfuration in the world (the remaining oil and gas reserves in the world are about 10 trillion barrels, of which heavy and low-quality oil including tight oil, heavy oil, oil sand, and oil shale oil account for more than 70%, After 2020, the net increase in global oil production will all come from the supply of unconventional energy sources such as heavy and low-quality oil, tight oil, and oil sands), and the residual oil produced by primary processing of crude oil is high in sulfur, high in nitrogen, high in metals, and high in carbon residues. , The increasing difficulty of residual oil processing brought about by the intensified trend of high asphaltenes has brought hug...

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Problems solved by technology

However, the decarbonized heavy oil processing technology has low residual oil utilization rate, 20%-30% high-sulfur petroleum coke by-product, low light liquid yield, poor quality of liquid products, and further hydrofining and hydrogenation are still needed Technical bottlenecks such as upgrading treatment

In the hydrogenation heavy oil processing technology, the conventional fixed bed hydrogenation technology has strict requirements on the content of residual carbon, metals, asphaltenes, and colloids in the feed, and also has low conversion rate of raw materials, large amount of catalyst, and low space velocity. , high investment, high operating costs and other bottlenecks; ebullated bed hydrogenation technology has serious back-mixing in the reactor, serious catalyst wear, low catalyst utilization, high investment intensity, complicated operation, low conversion rate of residual oil, unconverted residue Poor oil stability and other technical defects; although the suspending bed hydrogenation technology has strong raw material adaptability, due to high reaction pressure (16-30MPa), poor secondary processing performance of products, high investment intensity, and high risk of coking in the system (mainly Reactors, circulation pipelines, pumping equipment, etc. are prone to coking and clogging) and cannot realize long-term operation of industrial devices, which seriously limits the industrial application prospects of this technology

[0004] The gas-liquid-solid three-phase mass transfer heat transfer efficiency is low, the hydrogen-oil ratio is too high, the temperature field distribution in the reactor is uneven, and the raw material Low conversion efficiency, low degree of raw material lightening, poor product composition, low yield of light liquid, easy coking and clogging of the system, which prevents long-term operation, etc.

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