Insecticidal extract from legume plants and method of preparing the same

a technology of insecticidal extract and legume, which is applied in the directions of plant ingredients, biocide, plant growth regulators, etc., can solve the problems of affecting the environment, affecting crops, and affecting the growth of insects,

Inactive Publication Date: 2006-09-28
AGRI & AGRI FOOD
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0020] There are potential commercial applications of this invention for control of insects attacking stored grains in home, farm or elevator locations and on ships. Worldwide, there is a great deal of interest in developing botanical or natural insect control products, especially from food grade materials. The combination of field peas as a raw material source and aqueous alcohol as extraction solvent should be attractive to industry.

Problems solved by technology

Insects have been a problem for crops and stored food products since the dawn of agriculture.
Some insecticides are being phased out because they are harmful to the environment.
Phosphine, the most widely used grain fumigant, is also being restricted in its use.
However, other than spices, food plants have not been widely used to control insects.
For example, pea seeds (Pisum sativum L.) and their extracts are toxic to many insects, especially Sitophilus spp.
Furthermore, the use and disposal of chloroform is expensive, and insecticides containing residual chloroform may be of limited use, particulary with regard to food-grade crops or products.
The use of column chromatography is also expensive and may limit industrial scale-up.
y 70%. However, mixing equal weights of whole peas and wheat is not a practical means for controlling
None of the previous approaches has been adapted for industrial use in controlling insects.

Method used

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  • Insecticidal extract from legume plants and method of preparing the same
  • Insecticidal extract from legume plants and method of preparing the same
  • Insecticidal extract from legume plants and method of preparing the same

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

Isolation of Insecticidal C8 Extracts from Field Peas

[0085] Protein-rich pea flour, obtained by an air-classification process, was supplied by Parrheim Foods Limited. This flour was extracted in the laboratory as shown in FIG. 1. These processes have been described previously (U.S. Pat. No. 5,955,082, issued Sep. 21, 1999 to Bodnaryk et al.,) whereby C8 extracts were isolated in the last step using C8 SepPak Vac™ cartridges (purchased from Waters Corporation). The extracts thus obtained were concentrated by evaporation of the methanol and redissolving the residue in 95% ethanol for testing. In the present work, utilizing two C8 SepPak Vac™ cartridges per 100 g of flour, the C8 extracts (in methanol) were combined and concentrated to dryness at 43° C. with a centrifugal evaporator (model SC 110A Savant SpeedVac Plus) and weighed. Starting with 100 grams of defatted protein-rich fraction, C8 powder (beige in color) was obtained in 0.7-0.9% yield in ten experiments.

example 2

Partitioning Behavior of Antifeedant Substances in the C8 Mixture (Powder Form)

[0086] A small portion of C8 powder (27 mg) was suspended in water (10 ml). The pH (indicator paper) was 6. One-half (5 ml) was removed, extracted three times with an Ames aliquot mixer and 2 ml of ethyl acetate, centrifuging between extractions. Savant evaporation of the combined ethyl acetate fraction gave trace quantities (<1 mg) of a residue. This residue did not show activity (117% feeding) in the rice weevil antifeedant bioassay (see Example 29) with 50% ethanol as solvent. The aqueous layer remaining was adjusted to pH 7.5 with 10% sodium bicarbonate solution and extracted as before with ethyl acetate. The residue (<1 mg) was inactive (98% feeding). Further adjustment of the pH to 9.5 with 10% sodium carbonate solution and extraction with ethyl acetate also gave an inactive residue (106% feeding). Finally, the pH of the remaining aqueous layer was adjusted to 7 with 10% hydrochloric acid. Extracti...

example 3

Fractionation of C8 Powder by Silica Gel Column Chromatography

[0089] A glass column (1.2 cm internal diameter×20.5 cm length) equipped with a solvent reservoir and stopcock was filled with silica gel (Mallinckrodt SilicAR cc-7) using a slurry of the silica gel in chloroform (Merck OmniSolv containing 1% ethanol). The top of the bed was protected with sea sand. C8 powder (130 mg) was applied to the column, after mixing with silica gel, as a 1.25 cm band. Using a slight positive air pressure to maintain reasonable flow rates, the column was eluted with chloroform (75 ml) then with 75 ml volumes of various mixtures of chloroform and methanol followed by pure methanol (Table 1). The column was eluted with more methanol (75 ml) and finally with two additional volumes of methanol (250 ml each). Each of the 12 fractions was rotary evaporated on a Buchi Rotavapor R-114 apparatus with the aid of a Buchi B-169 vacuum system and a water bath (maintained at ≦45° C.). The residue that remained ...

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Abstract

The invention may be summarized as follows. The present invention provides insecticides comprised of naturally-occurring compounds, such as, for example, PA1b-related peptides and terpenoid saponins. The present invention also provides for identification and characterization of a synergistic insecticidal effect between peptides and saponins extracted from plants. Furthermore, simplified extraction procedures are provided that avoid the use of a chloroform defatting step or a column chromatography step.

Description

FIELD OF INVENTION [0001] The present invention relates to an insecticidal composition that comprises compounds that occur naturally in legumes. The present invention further relates to a method of isolating the compounds from their natural source or setting. More particularly, the present invention relates to a legume extract comprising an insecticidal peptide, saponin, or a combination thereof. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] Insects have been a problem for crops and stored food products since the dawn of agriculture. Since the 1950's synthetic insecticides have been the method of choice to control insect infestations in crop fields, stored grain, warehouses and food processing facilities. However, there are several reasons that alternatives to synthetic insecticides are required. Insects have developed resistance to several synthetic insecticides. Many consumers want no insecticide residues on their food. The application of synthetic insecticides has become more onerous. For e...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): A01N65/00A01N43/04A01N45/00A23L11/00
CPCA01N45/00A01N65/00A01N2300/00A01N43/90A01N65/20A01N25/02
Inventor TAYLOR, WESLEYFIELDS, PAULSUTHERLAND, DANIEL
Owner AGRI & AGRI FOOD
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