Apparatus and method for transforming solid waste into useful products

Abstract

A system and method for processing solid waste disposal includes a hydrolyzer (80) and a injection assembly (30) for transferring waste to the hydrolyzer (80). The injection assembly (30) includes a sleeve (40), in which waste is compressed with a ram (37), and a movable gate (52), which opens to allow the compressed waste (68) to exit the sleeve (40) and enter the hydrolyzer (80). The hydrolyzer (80) includes a pressure vessel (84), a rotating shaft (108) contained within the vessel (84), and agitates attached to the shaft for moving and processing the material through the hydrolyzer (80).

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0001] The present invention relates to solid waste disposal, and, more particularly, to apparatuses, systems, and methods for transforming solid waste into useful products, including a reusable, treatable, or readily degradable material. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] Solid waste disposal can generally be defined as the disposal of normally solid or semi-solid materials, resulting from human and animal activities, which are useless, unwanted, or hazardous. “Solid waste” generally comprises, “garbage,” including decomposable wastes from food; “rubbish” including combustible decomposable wastes, such as paper, wood, and cloth, or non-combustible decomposable wastes, such as metal, glass, and ceramics; “ashes” including the residue of the combustion of solid fuels; “large wastes” including demolition and construction debris and trees; dead animals; “sewage treatment solids” including the material retained on sewage-treatment screens, settled solids, and biom...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0027] The present invention meets the above identified needs, and others, by providing efficient apparatuses and methods for transforming solid waste into useful products, including a reusable, treatable, or readily degradable material.

[0028] The apparatuses of the present invention include: a hinged hopper assembly which allows for the rapid removal of debris clogging a particle size reducing apparatus, such as a shredder; a material injection assembly, for transferring preprocessed waste material for further processing; a hydrolyzer, for metamorphically processing volumes of waste on a continuous basis; and a material handling apparatus, for shaping material exiting a hydrolyzer, a bioreactor, or other processing machine. The methods of the present invention include methods for the use of the above mentioned apparatuses, alone or in cooperation with other machines, and a method transforming solid waste into a useful material.

[0029] The hinged hopper assembly, as mentioned, allows for the rapid removal of objects that cannot be processed by any of the particle size reduction apparatus well known by those skilled in the art. Providing for rapid removal of objectionable debris keeps the particle size reduction apparatus from being damaged or shut down to remove clogs. An embodiment of the hinged hopper assembly includes a hopper adapted for receiving and delivering waste to a shredder. The hinged hopper assembly includes a gate, which may be position to block the flow of waste from the hopper into the shredder. The hinged hopper assembly additionally includes a hinge, upon which the hopper may pivot to expose the shredder. In this manner, the shredder may be exposed to allow for rapid removal of any clogging debris. Once the clogging debris is removed from the shredder, the hopper may be pivoted back to its original position, the gate may be opened, and waste may again be received into the hinged hopper assembly for introduction into the shredder.

[0035] In any event, in the embodiment, both the paddles and the bars are secured to the shaft such that the placement of adjacent individual paddles and bars forms a helical pattern along the length of the shaft. This helical pattern facilitates the movement of material from the inlet to the exit port of the hydrolyzer, while preventing clogging and promoting self-cleaning.

[0047] The preprocessed solid waste is processed within the interior of the hydrolyzer for a given length of time, which will vary depending upon the temperature and pressure within the steam jacket and hydrolyzer interior. Generally, the greater the temperature and pressure in the hydrolyzer, the faster the chemical reactions will occur. The pressure and temperature, in conjunction with the preprocessed composition of the material being processed, act as the catalyst to speed the chemical reaction of decomposition of the material within the hydrolyzer. This high temperature and pressure environment causes the material to rapidly decompose into its basic constituent elements, and allows them to recombine or remain in their organic cellulose form, and it kills any bacteria associated with the material.

Problems solved by technology

The secondary use of much early refuse made such disposal systems as modern day landfills unnecessary.

With regard to incineration, the process introduces harmful by-products and pollutants into the atmosphere and incineration methods are known to destroy the useful hemicellulose component of woody cellulose materials contained in solid waste (see the explanation set forth below).

Grinders also incorporate rotating drums, however, grinder drums generally have a flat abrasive surface or include integral cutters, such that material placed in contact with the rotating drum is cut, torn, and shredded.

Shredders typically incorporate a pair of rotatable parallel shafts, having spaced apart cutters, which pull the material downward between the parallel shafts, causing the material to be shredded.

In an overload condition, the rotation of the shafts may be momentarily reversed before resuming the shredding rotations, however, when a typical shredder becomes clogged with debris, it must be shut down for a lengthy de-clogging process.

For example, these conventional vessels are prone to repeated and continuous clogging when trying to process certain waste material and thus require repeated down time intervals and disassembly to empty the interior of the vessel.

These aforementioned processes are among those which have been used in an attempt to transform solid waste into a more manageable form, however, the resulting end-product of these processes is not always useful.

These substances cannot be readily disassociated from cellulose-containing material without being destroying.

In this regard, many techniques used in resource recovery systems, including, oxidation, hydrogenation, alkaline hydrolysis, pyrolysis and use of powerful solvents, have limited utility because of their harsh and destructive nature.

To summarize, the existing waste disposal systems have a variety of problems.

Use of landfills and incinerators ignore the useful components solid waste and pose significant environmental problems.

Existing apparatuses of resource recovery systems are inefficient in that they must be shut down for significant periods of time when becoming clogged with debris.

Additionally, existing methods of resource recovery systems incorporate harsh techniques, which not only destroy useful components of solid waste, such as hemicellulose, but also, in the case of certain solvents and oxidants, pose environmental concerns.

Furthermore, in all known methods of resource recovery systems, the resultant product may include microbes or microorganisms that require further consideration prior to disposal.

In such cases the resultant products are believed to remain waste materials not suitable for use or transformation into useful articles.

Images