Anti-fungal composition

Abstract

A multivalent fungal vaccine comprising one or more heat-inactivated fungal antigens, wherein at least one fungal antigen is effective in producing an immune response in a host when said vaccine is administered orally at a dose that is sufficient for preventing or treating the fungal disease in said host. Also described are methods for making and using an orally available anti-fungal vaccine.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0001]The invention relates to an oral composition useful for treatment and prevention of fungal diseases. The invention also relates to process of making an orally available antifungal vaccine and methods of use.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0002]Pathogenic fungi occur worldwide and can cause diseases in humans, animals and plants. Fungal infections in humans range from superficial, i.e., skin surface to deeply invasive type or disseminated infection. Some of such infections especially those that are disseminated are fatal. Thus fungal diseases can be divided into the life-threatening systemic infections, such as histoplasmosis, systemic candidiasis, aspergillosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis, and more common ones which are non-life-threatening, like dermatophyte (ringworm) infections, including tinea pedis (athlete's foot), tinea cruris (jock itch), candidiasis, and actinomycosis.[0003]The life-threatening funga...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Some of such infections especially those that are disseminated are fatal.

The life-threatening fungal infections are a growing problem not only for immunosuppressed or immunocompromised individuals but also in individuals with viral infections, such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), and influenza, for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy, for transplant patients receiving antirejection agents, and for patients that have received toxic chemicals, metals and radiation exposure.

These are broad-spectrum antifungals that bind to ergosterol, a component of fungal cell membranes, and thereby disrupt the membranes, leading to cell death.

Amphotericin B is usually effective for systemic mycoses, but its administration is limited by toxic effects that include fever and kidney damage, and other accompanying side effects such as anemia, low blood pressure, headache, nausea, vomiting and phlebitis.

Miconazole is a parenteral imidazole with efficacy in coccidioidomycosis and several other mycoses, but has side effects including hyperlipidemia and hyponatremia.

Limitations of current therapeutic options include: inadequate spectrum of activity, lack of efficacy due to growing resistance, poor safety profile, multiple drug interactions, inadequate pharmacokinetic profile, and excessive cost.

Development of antifungal agents is a challenge because there are very few potential drug targets unique to fungi.

Resistance to antifungals has become more apparent in recent years and may worsen with the increase in prophylatic therapy even with new drugs being developed.

However, the number of patents relating to a fungal vaccine is much smaller than those disclosing new antifungal drugs.

Most of vaccine work was done by scientists who were outside of mainstream of fungal drug developers since fungal experts' establishment was not really concerned or convinced by the idea that vaccines would work.

This is mainly due to the deep-rooted conviction that vaccine antigens will degrade in the stomach and thus the activity of the vaccine will be annihilated effectively rendering such a vaccine useless.

However, oral vaccine development is proving lengthy and complex and, at the present time, there is no completely satisfactory antifungal vaccine that is orally available.

The use of antifungal drugs still causes major problems due to widespread drug resistance and the toxicity related effects of present chemotherapy.