39 results about "Oral Granules" patented technology

The invention discloses fish oytocin oral granules and preparation and using methods thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fish culture. Aiming at the problems of difficult hormone delivery, complex operation, high cost, low ecbolic efficiency, high parent fish death rate and the like in artificial propagation of certain small fishes, the invention provides an artificial ecbolic method, which avoids fish stress response death and is high in ecbolic rate, easy, convenient, feasible and low in cost. The method comprises the following steps of: dissolving oytocin into normal saline, spraying the solution to an aquatic granulated feed, preparing the fish oytocin oral granules by wrapping a layer of animal grease containing vitamin E on the surface of the aquatic granulated feed, feeding the fishes with the oytocin oral granules in the propagation season of the fishes, and delivering the external hormone to parent fishes when the fishes actively eat the oral granules to induce gonad maturation, laying and fertilization of the parent fishes. The oral granules and the method are mainly applied to the artificial propagation of certain small fishes.

A Chinese medicine in the form of granules for treating chronic atrophic gastritis and lesion before stomach cancer is prepared from 8 Chinese medicinal materials including astragalus root, white atractylodes rhizome, coix seed, scutellaria root, etc. through pretreating, extracting effective components, concentrating, pulverizing, coating, mixing, granulating and packaging. Its advantages are high curative effect and no toxic by-effect.

The invention belongs to the technical field of biological medicine, and particularly relates to an oral surface modification bile acid granule, composition of entrapped treatment medicine in the granule and a preparation method. Firstly, a positively charged compound of entrapped treatment medicine is prepared; then, a bile acid polymer with negative ions is used for coupling to form granules. Abile acid-phospholipid compound is inserted into a wrapped granule surface to form the bile acid modified granule. The medicine wrapped granule can be lipidosome, micelle, emulsion, microspheres, nanometer particles and the like. After the granule is orally taken in the body, the granule is selectively absorbed into blood in the intestinal tract under the effect of enterohepatic circulation; the bioavailability of oral medicine can be improved. The medicine is prepared from gene, protein, polypeptide, antibodies, nucleic acid, viruses and small molecule medicine.

The invention relates to an oral medicament for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, in particular to traditional Chinese medicine oral granules for treating the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, which are prepared by taking plant Chinese herbal medicines as raw materials. The traditional Chinese medicine oral granules are characterized in that the traditional Chinese medicine oral granules comprise the following active pharmaceutical ingredients in parts by weight (unit: g): 100-200 parts of unprocessed sanchi, 50-150 parts of American ginseng, 50-150 parts of fleece-flower root, 50-150 parts of hawthorn, 50-150 parts of eucommia, 50-150 parts of peach seed, 50-150 parts of cassia seed and 200-300 parts of salviae miltiorrhizae radix. The medicines are cleaned, air-dried and ground into powder (special grinding for pharmacies), and one spoon, namely about 10g of the traditional Chinese medicine oral granules is blended into decoction with boiled water for oral administration before sleep at night. All the medicines are compatible and complement mutually, thereby having the effects of activating blood circulation, removing blood stasis, dissipating the blood stasis, detumescence, moisturizing intestine, relaxing bowels, lowering lipid, reducing weight, clearing heart, relieving restlessness, nourishing blood for tranquillization, regulating immunity, bacteriostasis, preventing cancers, reducing blood pressure and regulating blood lipid, realizing synergism of efficacy, effectively restoring cells, clearing garbage in blood, gradually dissolving cholesterol and blood lipid on the walls of blood vessels, eliminating atherosclerotic blood lipid precipitation on the walls of the blood vessels, improving the elasticity of the blood vessels and having significant efficacy for treating the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

The invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicinal preparation for treating presbyopia which is prepared from 15 concentrated traditional Chinese medicines as follows: 20-30 parts by weight of astragalus, 20-30 parts by weight of americanwater plantain, 20-30 parts by weight of korean ginseng, 20-30 parts by weight of angelica, 20-30 parts by weight of barrenwort, 20-30 parts by weight of rhizoma curculiginis, 20-30 parts by weight of atractylodes, 20-30 parts by weight of schizonepeta spike, 20-30 parts by weight of clematis root, 20-30 parts by weight of traditional chinese medicine hyssop, 20-30 parts by weight of liriope, 20-30 parts by weight of medlar and 20-30 parts by weight of rehmanniae radix, 5-10 parts by weight of asarum, 5-10 parts by weight of schisandra chinensis. The 15 concentrated traditional Chinese medicines have same concentration rate (for example, 5:1) and are weight rate, the preparation shape is oral granule shape traditional Chinese medicinal preparation. Presbyopic glasses can be took off at the soonest 10 days by taking the preparation for reading and writing, augen deepness recovers to normal augen range after being ophthalmic testing, optic nerve has full nourishment, all users need not wearing presbyopic glasses in five years follow up. The traditional Chinese medicinal preparation fills in the gaps that no medicine can cure natural presbyopia at present, and lower cost carries gospel to ordinary old person.

The invention belongs to the field of medicine and pharmacology, and is Pharmaceuticals oral granule. The Aceclofenac granule is made by raw material drug aceclofenac, findings and disintegrant. The Aceclofenac granule is phenyl acetic acid non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. It has notable anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effect. It applies to the treatment of various rheumatoid arthritis, atrophic arthritis, osteoarthritis and spondylitis. It is fit for pain and fever caused by various diseases, and the toxic and side effects is lower than other varieties. Aceclofenac has not granule in prior medicine market; it is innovative formula and benefit for absorbing drug to getting better curative effect and better taste. It is safe, reliable and new drug for treatment of acute, chronic pain and anti-inflammation.

The invention relates to a Chinese medicinal preparation for treating malignance which is a compound medicament prepared from 15 granule shape concentration Chinese medicaments including 6-9 parts by weight of sichuan fritillary bulb, 6-9 parts by weight of almond, 6-9 parts by weight of southern star, 6-9 parts by weight of radix scrophulariae, 6-9 parts by weight of asparagus, 6-9 parts by weight of ballonflower, 6-9 parts by weight of clam meal, 6-9 parts by weight of trichosanthes root, 6-9 parts by weight of trichosanthes, 6-9 parts by weight of aster, 6-9 parts by weight of pharagmitis rhizoma, 6-9 parts by weight of dendrobium and 6-9 parts by weight of cassia twig, 3-6 parts by weight of dried orange peel and 3-6 parts by weight of liquorice. Each granule shape concentration Chinese medicament has same concentration ratio by weight (for example 5:1), the preparation form is oral granule shape Chinese medical preparation. The Chinese medicial preparation has near 15 years clinical application, cures more than 300 examples that do not recrudescence in 12 years. Patient having best effect is accurate diagnosis that tumour is cured after taking the preparation 24 days, and does not recrudescence follow up during 12 years. The preparation solves problems that curing tumour simply relying on operation, radiation treatment and chemotherapy has high cost and high recrudescence ratio. The preparation carries a new cure approach to the civilian population tumour patient.

The invention encompasses a process for granulating particles that produces homogeneous, free flowing, attrition resistant, uniform sized granules. When utilized with active pharmaceutical ingredients, such granules can be further processed into controlled released or taste-masked pharmaceutical formulations. Particularly, the process can be utilized to make an oral granule formulation of etoricoxib for treating pain and inflammation in patients that cannot swallow a tablet, such as young children and the elderly.

The present invention discloses a pharmaceutical composition for gastric ulcer and gastritis and a preparation method and application thereof. The pharmaceutical composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-1.5 parts of cuttle bone, 1-1.5 parts of Bletilla striata, 0.8-1.2 parts of endothelium corneum gigeriae galli, 0.4-0.6 part of fennel, 0.8-1.2 parts of galangal, 0.8-1.2 parts of rhizoma corydalis and 1-1.5 parts of radix aucklandiae. Preferably, the composition comprises the following components by weight: 1-1.5 g of cuttle bone, 1-1.5 g of Bletilla striata, 1 g ofendothelium corneum gigeriae galli, 0.5 g of fennel, 1 g of galangal, 1 g of of rhizoma corydalis and 1-1.5 g of radix aucklandiae. The invention also provides the preparation method and applicationof the composition. The pharmaceutical composition has the characteristics of being reasonable in prescription, small in dosage, remarkable in effect and free of toxic and side effects, and is specialized in treating gastric ulcer and gastritis; and oral granules can effectively treat gastric ulcer and gastritis without relapse.

The invention discloses preparation for a genetic modified rice formulation and application thereof. The preparation includes steps of A. acquiring specific promoter for rice endosperm and semaphore peptides thereof; B. constructing special expressing carrier and of rice albuminous cell; C. fusing protein with codon of target gene, optimizing, synthesizing with gene; D. fusing with construction of protein expressing carrier pOsPMP26; E genetically transforming rice gene; F. highly expressing selection of genetic modified plant; G. processing seeds of genetic modified rice, and producing into oral tablets and oral granules by pellet mill. And an application of genetic modified rice formulation in preparing medicament for treating or preventing sugar diabete and hyperglycaemia is also disclosed. The inventive method is easy to implement, convenient to operate, low in preparation cost, safe, non-toxic, and has great efficacy.

The invention belongs to the field of traditional Chinese medicine, and particularly relates to a traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating a nerve headache and a preparation method and application thereof. The traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating the nerve headache is prepared from cimicifugae foetidae, Ligusticum wallichii, Paeonia lactiflora, radix rehmanniae preparata, radix bupleuri, chrysanthemum, the root of red-rooted salvia, rhizoma corydalis, Vitex trifolia, the root of kudzu vine and poison bulb, wherein cimicifugae foetidae, Ligusticum wallichii, Paeonia lactiflora, radix rehmanniae preparata, radix bupleuri, chrysanthemum, the root of red-rooted salvia, rhizoma corydalis, Vitex trifolia and the root of kudzu vine are extracted through a water extraction alcohol precipitation method, and poison bulb is used for extracting a volatile oil component with the relative density being 1.0 or below by adopting a water vapor distillation method. The preparation is oral granules preferentially. The composition has the remarkable improvement effect for haematological indexes and behavioral characteristics of a nerve headache animal model, and the safety is good.

A preparation method of oral granules for improving pet hair quality comprises the steps of Chinese herbal medicine extraction, nutritional functional bag preparation, mixing, primary preparation and after-preparation. The problems that vitamins are unstable and the palatability is affected are solved through a water-in-oil-in-water process, the water-in-oil-in-water emulsion is prepared into an outer surface layer through pressure spray drying, the outer surface layer has good palatability, an inner core wraps unstable substances, and the taste is masked, the palatability of pets is improved, meanwhile nutrient components are digested and absorbed, protein absorption of pet hair is promoted, smoothness and brightness of fur are improved, skin inflammation is reduced, and immunity is enhanced.

The invention belongs to the field of medicines and particularly relates to blood lipid reducing oral composition and a preparation method thereof. The blood lipid reducing oral composition is prepared from raw materials by weight as follows: 130-160 parts of flos sophorae, 9-12 parts of flos carthami, 9-12 parts of semen cassia, 90-110 parts of mint, 90-110 parts of pericarpium citri reticulatae, 6-10 parts of inulin and 2-5 parts of balanophyllia sp. The composition can be in the form of oral liquid or oral granules and is prepared with an aqueous extraction method. The composition has a higher regulation function on the blood lipid level, has a long-acting effect and is good in safety.

The invention discloses an anti-cancer analgesic medicine of Chinese yew and a preparation method of the anti-cancer analgesic medicine. The anti-cancer analgesic medicine is an oral granule and an external patch, wherein the oral granule is prepared from more than ten raw materials such as Chinese yew, musk, ciliatenerve knotweed root, glaucescent fissistigma root, olibanum and myrrh; the external patch is prepared from more than ten raw materials such as Chinese yew, camphor, borneol, prepared kusnezoff monkshood root, realgar and dragon's blood. The anti-cancer analgesic medicine of the Chinese yew is high in target-specific action; the analgesic time is 3-6 hours; and the anti-cancer analgesic medicine is suitable for kinds of patients with advanced cancer pain for taking and coating.

The invention relates to the preparation process of oral administered powder of mannon peptide characterized in that the alpha streptococcus hemolyticus bacterial is carried to outer space by go and back type deep space vehicle, the heredity mutation of alpha streptococcus hemolyticus bacterial occurs under the special condition of outer space, bacterial with positive mutation and stable heredity are optimized after returning to the earth. Said bacterial has been preserved by China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center with serial number of CGMCCNo.1082. Said bacterial is treated as a production bacterial, and go through the process of bacterial preparation, first stage fermentation, second stage fermentation, purification and mixture with the dry powder of carrier to get oral powder. Said mannon peptide oral powder can be applied for the treatment of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer and ulcerative colitis.

The invention discloses a preparation method of gynecological preoperative bowl-cleansing oral granules and solves the problems in gynecological preoperative treatment. The preparation method is characterized in that the granules are made with, by weight, 10-30 parts of horseweed herb, 6-12 parts of cinnamon seeds, 3-10 parts of Chinese mosla, 6-12 parts of Chinese starjasmine stem, 3-10 parts of loofah sponge, 6-12 parts of Barbary wolfberry fruit, 6-12 parts of Dipsacus root, 6-12 parts of grassleaf sweelflag rhizome, 6-12 parts of sunflower flower, 1-5 parts of Turbo cornutus solander, 3-10 parts of ox horn bone, and 10-25 parts of magnesium sulfate. The preparation method includes: 1, extracting essential oil for use from the rough powders of the Dipsacus root, cinnamon seeds and loofah sponge; 2, crushing the Turbo cornutus solander and ox horn bone into fine powder for use; 3, adding water to decoct the horseweed herb, Chinese mosla, Chinese starjasmine stem, Barbary wolfberry fruit, sunflower flower and grassleaf sweelflag rhizome for two times, filtering, combining filtrate, condensing the filtrate, adding ethanol to allow for sedimentation, taking supernate, recovering the ethanol, and condensing to obtain thick paste; 4, adding the essential oil obtained in the step 1, the fine powder obtained in the step 2 and magnesium sulfate into the thick paste obtained in the step 3, mixing well to obtain granules, and drying the granules. Clinical experiments show that the granules have good effect of gynecological preoperative bowel cleansing and is worthy of clinical application and popularization.

The invention discloses a pharmaceutical composition for treating leukocytopenia and immune hypofunction caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy and a preparation method of oral granules of the pharmaceutical composition. The pharmaceutical composition is characterized in that the pharmaceutical composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of rhizoma polygonati, 5 parts of ginseng, 5 parts of hericium erinaceus, 10 parts of palmleaf raspberry fruits, 10 parts of angelica sinensis, 10 parts of sanguisorba officinalis, 10 parts of fructus ligustri lucidi, 10 parts of jujube, 10 parts of peanut coats and 10 parts of pericarpium citri reticulatae. Systematic observations on clinical and scientific research cases show that the pharmaceutical composition has the effects of replenishing qi to invigorate the spleen, nourishing yin and enriching essence, enriching the blood and invigorating the circulation of blood, and has an ideal therapeutic effect on both qi-yin deficiency type leukocytopenia and immune hypofunction caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

The invention discloses a preferred method for treating clinical diseases by using levosalbutamol sulfate oral granules so as to reduce adverse reactions and improve safety.

The invention discloses a calonyction muricatum oral granule and a production method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of production of health-care granules or medicinal granules. The preparation method of the calonyction muricatum oral granule comprises the following steps of: preparing at least any one part of calonyction muricatum plant into powder; extracting by adopting any one method of brewing or decocting or extracting or squeezing to obtain active ingredients of calonyction muricatum; mixing the active ingredients with sucrose and dextrin to form oral granule using the calonyction muricatum as the functional material. The calonyction muricatum oral granule has a special pharmacological action and is mainly used for treating or relieving: influenza, dental ulcer gall, bound stool, bit wound of snakeworm, arthritis, falling and twisting injuries, infantile pneumonia, infantile malnutrition, gastroenteritis, hepatic diseases, mastitis, kidney-deficiency hypofunction, hypoimmunity, gynecological diseases and the like. Besides, the calonyction muricatum oral granule has medication safety and an ideal effect.

The invention belongs to the field of medicine, and especially relates to an anti-depressant drug and its oral particulate agent and a pharmacy purpose thereof. The anti-depressant drug is prepared bya pharmaceutical adjuvant, mirtazapine and an isoquinoline compound. The pharmaceutical adjuvant of the oral particulate agent comprises mannitol, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, citric acid and aspartame. With low dosage usage of mirtazapine, the anti-depressant drug can perform obvious anti-depression effect and has good safety.

The invention discloses oral granules for treating the mumps and a preparation method thereof.The oral granules are prepared from codeine, aristolochic acid, robinin, syringic acid, paeonol, mint distillate, riboflavin, pentosans, nabumetone, nitrofurantoin, allantoin, water-soluble araboxylan, mixed amino acid, cyclodextrin and alcohol and other auxiliaries including sweetening agent, disintegrant and lubricant.Various western medicine components are reasonably combined, and the oral granules have functions of resisting infection, clearing away heat and toxic materials, and calming and stopping pain, can eliminate parotid gland swelling, resist virus infection and meanwhile enhance immunity of organism to promote the rapid rehabilitation of a patient, are easy to prepare and convenient to use and have quite good clinical application prospects.

The invention belongs to the field of medicine, and especially relates to an anti-depressant drug and its oral particulate agent and a pharmacy purpose thereof. The anti-depressant drug is prepared bya pharmaceutical adjuvant, mirtazapine and an isoquinoline compound. The pharmaceutical adjuvant of the oral particulate agent comprises mannitol, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, citric acid and aspartame. With low dosage usage of mirtazapine, the anti-depressant drug can perform obvious anti-depression effect and has good safety.

The invention belongs the field of pharmacy, and particularly relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treating post-myocardial-infarction ventricular remodeling. The pharmaceutical composition fortreating the post-myocardial-infarction ventricular remodeling is prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable pharmaceutic adjuvants, quercetin and miltefosine, wherein 209-435 parts by weight of quercetin and 20-28 parts by weight of miltefosine are used. The dosage form of the pharmaceutical composition for treating the post-myocardial-infarction ventricular remodeling is an oral solid preparation and is preferably an oral granule preparation. When quercetin and miltefosine are combined for drug administration, miltefosine has an unexpected synergistic effect on the post-myocardial-infarctionventricular remodeling resistance effect of quercetin.

The invention discloses a Chinese herbal medical oral granule for treating acute hepatitis, which is characterized in that the invention has the material components in weight ratio as follows: Christina Loosestrife 20 to 35, Lesser Hypericum 15 to 30, bamboo leaf 15 to 30, cogongrass 15 to 35, goose grass 25 to 50, banana stem 10 to 15 and herb of creeper rostellularia 25 to 40. The making methodis that the Christina Loosestrife, Lesser Hypericum, bamboo leaf, cogongrass, goose grass, banana stem and herb of creeper rostellularia are respectively ground in weight ratio, sifted, mixed, boiledwith distilled water and decocted in mild fire; after filtering, the distilled water is added into the filter residue, boiled, decocted in mild fire and filtered; the filtrates are merged, then the merged filtrate is concentrated; the starch is added into the filtrate to make a mass, which is filtered to be a plurality of strips, dried and filtered again to be the granules. The Chinese herbal medical oral granule has the advantages of abundant material source, low cost, safety and reliability, good efficacy, simple manufacturing technology, no drug residue, no poison and side effect, simple composition, easily available raw material, low cost and short course, which is a new drug for treating acute hepatitis.

The invention discloses an American ginseng oral granule capable of effectively improving the immunocompetence of a human body. The American ginseng oral granule comprises the following raw materials in weight part: 50-100 parts of American ginseng, 50-60 parts of pseudo-ginseng, 100-120 parts of mythic fungus, 30-40 parts of longan aril, 20-30 parts of white sugar, 20-30 parts of Chinese magnoliavine, 20-30 parts of tuber of dwarf lilyturf, 15-30 parts of honey-fried licorice root, 30-40 parts of lilium brownie, 5-10 parts of edible bird's nest, 9-15 parts of radix ophiopogonis, 9-15 parts of fructus schisandrae, 30-40 parts of pseudo-ginseng, 45-55 parts of red sage root, 9-15 parts of fritillaria cirrhosa, 9-12 parts of glehnia root, 12-15 parts of bletilla rhizome, 10-15 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 10-20 parts of poria cocos, and 1-3 parts of Cordyceps sinensis. According to the technical scheme of the invention, the American ginseng oral granule mainly has the effects of replenishing the Qi, invigorating the spleen and replenishing the vital essence and the blood, so that the efficacies of promoting the yin-yang balance of the human body, blending the Qi and the blood, and treating both symptoms and root causes are realized. The American ginseng oral granule, prepared as a pure Chinese drug preparation, is remarkable in curative effect, simple and feasible in process, low in price, and good in taste.

Renzhujianwei Granules, mainly prepared by extracting active ingredients from traditional Chinese medicines Astragalus, Atractylodes Rhizoma Atractylodes Rhizome, Coix Seed, Scutellaria Baicalensis, Agrimony, Curcuma, Lobelia, and Hedyotis diffusa, and its preparation method mainly follows the following 8 steps Steps: (1) pretreatment: (2) extraction of active ingredients: (3) concentration: (4) pulverization: (5) clathrate: (6) mixing granulation: (7) granulation: (8) packaging. The compatibility of the present invention is correct, the properties of the medicine are fair and accessible, taking into account deficiency and excess, and has the effects of nourishing qi and invigorating the spleen, promoting blood circulation and dredging collaterals, clearing away heat and removing dampness, and reasonable preparation, so that the Renzhu Jianwei granule of the present invention can be industrialized and mass-produced The product is an oral granule that can treat chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric precancerous lesions with remarkable effects, no toxic side effects and can be taken for a long time.

The invention discloses an oral granule for treating menopausal syndrome and a preparation process thereof. The oral granule for treating menopausal syndrome of the present invention is mainly composed of eleven traditional Chinese medicines such as peach kernels, jujube kernels, roses, black sesame seeds, and mulberry, etc. Proportion and production process are prepared. Its characteristic is that it is all made of the same raw materials as medicine and food, with mild medicinal properties, significant curative effect, and extremely low toxic and side effects. It is suitable for long-term use as preventive medicine and nutritional health care medicine. The oral granule for treating menopause syndrome produced by the preparation process of the invention has good taste and stable quality, and is very suitable for long-term consumption by people suffering from menopause syndrome.

The invention provides a brain-strengthening and convulsion-relieving granule, and relates to a Chinese patent medicine oral granule for treating spastic cerebral palsy. After researching for multiple years, by combining with clinical practices and verification, the Chinese patent medicine oral granule is prepared by the root of hairy asiabell, astragalus, Chinese angelica, Chinese thorowax root, Chinese magnoliavine fruit, tuckahoe, dwarf lilyturf tuber, orange peel, thinleaf milkwort root-bark, ligusticum wallichii, licorice root, dogwood, sharpleaf galangal fruit, and uncaria rhynchophylla. The brain-strengthening and convulsion-relieving granule has the advantages that the whole formula and therapeutic principle are clear, the compounding is reasonable, and the synergistic effect of the medicines is realized; the functions of strengthening brain and relieving convulsion, activating blood circulation and restoring mental clarity, removing wind and dredging channels and the like are realized, the effect of treating the spastic cerebral palsy is good, the effect is quick, the effective rate reaches 100 percent, the effect of treating both symptoms and root causes is realized, and the easiness in reoccurrences after curing is avoided.

The invention belongs to the field of medicines and in particular relates to a traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating posterior circulation stroke and a preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine composition. The pharmaceutical composition is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 to 70 parts of radix astragali seu hedysari, 5 to 30 parts of radix rehmanniae, 5 to 30 parts of Chinese angelica root, 5 to 30 parts of rhizoma chuanxiong, 5 to 20 parts of rhizoma cimicifugae, 5 to 20 parts of wheat bran, 5 to 20 parts of leech and 0.1 to 0.4 part of herb of achnatherum inebrians. The preparation method adopts an alcohol-extraction and water-deposition method and a preparation is an oral granule preparation. The traditional Chinese medicine composition provided by the invention has unexpected treatment effect on the posterior circulation stroke and has relatively small side effect.