Copper-based nano-catalyst for hydrogen production by ethanol steam reforming and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a copper-based nano-catalyst for hydrogen production by ethanol steam reforming and a preparation method thereof. The catalyst is made by taking nanoporous silicon dioxide aerogel as a catalyst carrier, copper nanowire as an active component, and Al2O3 or ZnO or CeO2 or compound thereof as an adjuvant. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a sol from silanolate, an alcohol solvent, copper nitrate, aluminum nitrate or zinc nitrate or cerous nitrate or complex nitrate thereof and an acidic catalyst at certain proportions; forming a wet gel complex, and then performing supercritical fluid drying. The catalyst has a unique nanoporous structure with high specific area, high porosity, strong catalytic activity and selectivity for the hydrogen production by the ethanol steam reforming, higher hydrogen yield and stronger CO2 selectivity at a lower temperature, and limits the selectivity of byproducts CH4 and CO at a lower level. Meanwhile, the preparation method has simple process, low cost and certain mechanical strength.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of catalyst materials for hydrogen production by steam reforming of liquid fuel ethanol used in fuel cells, and relates to a catalyst for hydrogen production by steam reforming of ethanol and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a catalyst using silica airgel as a catalyst Supported copper-based nanocatalyst and preparation method thereof. Background technique [0002] Fuel cells directly and efficiently convert the chemical energy stored in fuel and oxidant into electrical energy. High-purity, non-toxic hydrogen is an ideal fuel for fuel cells. Currently, liquid fuel reforming is a better way to produce hydrogen. [0003] Ethanol is a renewable resource, non-toxic, and does not contain sulfur that is likely to poison the platinum electrodes of fuel cells. It is an environmentally friendly fuel suitable for hydrogen production. Ethanol steam reforming is an important way to produce hydrogen from...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

This type of catalyst has high ethanol conversion and hydrogen production effect, but due to the catalyst carrier Al 2 o 3 The acidity of the catalyst leads to serious carbon deposition and poor stability

Furthermore, CH on Ni-based catalysts 4 and the formation of CO is relatively large, CH 4 Competing for hydrogen atoms, CO poisons the fuel cell's Pt electrodes, both undesired by-products

Although the cobalt-based catalyst has high selectivity, it is easy to deactivate, and its existing problem is poor stability.

[0007] In addition, impregnation and co-precipitation methods are currently used to prepare non-precious metal catalysts. Although the preparation process is simple, it is difficult to obtain catalysts with high specific surface area, high dispersion and uniform dispersion, resulting in catalytic activity for the steam reforming reaction of ethanol. not tall

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