Method for catalyzing ethyne hydrochlorination reaction by utilizing metal nanoparticle/ionic liquid system

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for catalyzing ethyne hydrochlorination reaction by utilizing a metal nanoparticle / ionic liquid system. The method comprises the steps that a metal nanoparticle / ionic liquid phase catalytic system is prepared, ionic liquid is surface activity ionic liquid, under the temperature ranging from 60 DEG C to 120 DEG C, hydrogen chloride is pumped into the metal nanoparticle / ionic liquid phase catalytic system, activation is carried out, warming is carried out until the temperature ranges from 140 DEG C to 220 DEG C, ethyne and the hydrogen chloride are pumped, the reaction is carried out, and after processing is carried out, a chloroethylene product gas is obtained. The special surface activity ionic liquid and a metal nanoparticle are subjected to in-situ reaction or compounding, the metal nanoparticle / ionic liquid system is obtained, the metal nanoparticle / ionic liquid system is utilized to catalyze the ethyne hydrochlorination reaction, the ethyne converting rate can reach up to 99% in a maximum mode, the chloroethylene selectivity is larger than 99.5%, and the catalytic system has the best cycling stability.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of organic synthesis, in particular to a method for catalyzing acetylene hydrochlorination by using a metal nanoparticle / ionic liquid system. Background technique [0002] Vinyl chloride (VCM) is a colorless, liquefied gas at room temperature, and is an important chemical raw material for the synthesis of polyvinyl chloride resin (PVC). As one of the five most widely used general-purpose plastics, PVC is widely used in various industries such as medical supplies, building materials, and clothing because of its properties such as wear resistance, heat resistance, corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength, and good insulation. At present, the synthesis methods of vinyl chloride are mainly divided into the acetylene method and the ethylene method. Most foreign companies use the ethylene method with petroleum as the raw material. Hydrochlorination has become the main source of vinyl chloride production in m...

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Problems solved by technology

However, these two types of ionic liquids are relatively low in terms of conversion rate, and there is still a certain gap with industrial reactions.

[0007] The Chinese patent documents whose publication numbers are CN104086351A and CN104109076A respectively disclose the method for preparing vinyl chloride by hydrochlorination of acetylene using nitrogen heterocyclic protonic acid ionic liquid and quaternary phosphonium long-chain anion functionalized ionic liquid as medium. Dissolved in ionic liquids for catalytic reactions, among which nitrogen heterocyclic protonic acid ionic liquids are easy to prepare, have great economic advantages, and the conversion rate can reach more than 70%, while the conversion rate of acetylene in quaternary phosphonium long-chain anion functionalized ionic liquids can reach 80% % to 98%, but the metal salt has a certain volatility. During the high-temperature hydrochlorination reaction of acetylene, it is easy to lose the active components of the catalyst due to volatilization, resulting in catalyst deactivation.