Process for Producing Carbon Nanotubes from Renewable Raw Materials

Abstract

A subject of the present invention is a process for producing carbon nanotubes, the process comprising:a) the synthesis of alcohol(s) by fermentation of at least one vegetable matter and optionally the purification of the product obtained;b) the dehydration of the alcohol or alcohols obtained in a) in order to produce, in a first reactor, a mixture of alkene(s) and water and optionally the purification of the product obtained;c) the introduction, in particular the introduction into a fluidized bed, in a second reactor, of a powdery catalyst at a temperature ranging from 450 to 850° C., this catalyst comprising at least one catalytic metal supported by an inert solid substrate, the grains of catalyst having a d50 of less than 300 μm;d) bringing the alkene produced in b) into contact with the powdery catalyst of stage c), optionally in a fluidized bed, in order to form carbon nanotubes and hydrogen on the surface of said catalyst by catalytic decomposition of said alkene;e) the recovery of the carbon nanotubes produced in d).The invention also relates to nanotubes capable of being obtained according to the abovementioned process, which can be advantageously used in all the known fields of application of carbon nanotubes.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0001]The present invention relates to an industrial process for producing carbon nanotubes from renewable raw materials.[0002]More precisely, a subject of the invention is a process for producing carbon nanotubes (abbreviation: CNTs) using as a source of carbon an alkene such as ethylene obtained by dehydration of an alcohol such as ethanol originating from the fermentation of vegetable matter. Vegetable matter has the advantage, according to the Application, of being able to be cultivated in large quantities throughout most of the world, and of being renewable.DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART[0003]CNTs have, for the last few years, been the subject of intensive research, with a view to replacing carbon black which is volatile and difficult to handle in all its applications. CNTs moreover have the advantage of conferring upon any composite material containing them, improved mechanical properties and electric and / or thermal conduction properties at least equal to...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0035]Then, in a fourth stage, the alkene product in b) is brought into contact with the powdery catalyst of stage c), optionally in a fluidized bed, in order to form carbon nanotubes and hydrogen at the surface of said catalyst by catalytic decomposition of said alkene. Operating in a fluidized bed makes it possible to optimize the contact between the gases, in particular the alkene and the catalyst.

[0041]Advantageously, the process according to the invention, comprises a stage of grinding the CNTs obtained during stage d) and / or e) in order to de-agglomerate the optionally interlocked CNTs, formed on the catalyst, and thus reduce their granulometry. This grinding stage also makes it possible to make active catalytic sites of the catalyst accessible; in fact, the interlocking of the CNTs around the catalyst reduces the diffusion of the gaseous reactive mixture (mixture of alkene and water) towards the catalytic sites as well as the reactive surface of the catalyst. Improved productivity of the catalyst follows from this grinding stage.

[0046]It is therefore also possible to carry out the grinding in the CNT production reactor, which avoids extracting the powder from the reactor and therefore limits the load losses and the risks of the powders flying off; the productivity is therefore improved.

Problems solved by technology

The SWNTs are in general more difficult to produce than the MWNTs.

), consumes a great deal of energy.

Moreover, it utilizes petroleum, deposits of which are rapidly becoming exhausted; its extraction is becoming more and more difficult (wells of great depths), requiring heavy and expensive equipment, having to resist high temperatures (400-500° C.).

This process cannot however be exploited on an industrial scale.

Obtaining carbon nanotubes of acceptable quality requires high purification costs which, added to the energy costs associated with the high-temperature gasification process, have a negative effect on the economics of the process.

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