Graphene oxide filters and methods of use

a technology of graphene oxide and filter, applied in the direction of membranes, separation processes, instruments, etc., can solve the problems of fuel pump failure, filter plugging, injector fouling, topcoat peeling,

Active Publication Date: 2014-07-17
UNIV OF DAYTON +1
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Some of the problems associated with microbial growth in aviation fuels include wing and storage tank corrosion, fuel pump failures, filter plugging, injector fouling, topcoat peeling, engine damage, and deterioration of fuel chemical properties and quality.
Extensive microbial growth and biofilm formation can lead to costly and disruptive damage to fuel systems and aircraft hardware.
However, even the best fuel filters are incapable of completely filtering out particles smaller than 10 μm in diameter; microorganisms can range from less than a micrometer to a few micrometers in size.
Due to their small pore size, 0.22-0.45 μm filters are difficult to use because they present a strong barrier to fuel flow.
However, the use of this additive is expensive and may present adverse effects to the environment.

Method used

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  • Graphene oxide filters and methods of use
  • Graphene oxide filters and methods of use
  • Graphene oxide filters and methods of use

Examples

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examples

[0040]The following examples are given to illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention and are in no way intended to limit the scope of the disclosure in this application.

Examples of GO Applications

[0041]Organic Solvent Sterilization and Purification Application. The use of organic solvents in the pharmaceutical and biomedical industry, and in biochemistry, biology and biomolecular laboratories and hospitals is ubiquitous. For multiple applications, sterile solvents that are free of microorganisms are required. However, the sterilization of organic solvents is a difficult and cumbersome process relying on the use of small pore size filters (0.22 to 0.45 μm) that presents a barrier to solvent flow. Other sterilization procedures, such as autoclaving or UV irradiation, cannot be applied to solvents because their properties can deteriorate and may be hazardous to workers. GO media can be used to form columns, filters, coatings and films that can be used to sterilize organic...

experimental examples

Example 1

GO Column Filter

[0047]A GO filter for the removal of microorganisms from jet fuel is described. Jet-A fuel samples were inoculated with bacteria and then subjected to filtration and characterized for filtration efficiency. Biomolecular approaches, including quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), cell-based colony counting, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and fluorescent microscopy, were applied to demonstrate the efficiency, functionality and mode of action of the GO filter.

[0048]GO was synthesized using a modified version of the Hummers method. Filter columns were developed by packing 32 mg and 260 mg of thin, flakes of GO in to 0.5 and 2.5 ml plastic syringe casings, respectively. The 32 and 260 mg GO columns were tested for their ability to remove Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria from 7 ml and 7,000 ml of jet fuel, respectively. To reduced variability in the tests and maintain constant flow rates the 260 mg GO columns were tested as part of an apparatus that al...

example 2

Synthesis of Ag-GO.

[0053]GO was synthesized using a modified Hummers method. Ag-GO was prepared using a sonochemical method as follows. 50 mg of GO, 25 mg of silver acetate, and 15 ml of DMF were mixed in a three arm sonochemical flask (Sonics Inc., Suslick flask). The mixture was sonicated at 37% amplitude and 20 KHz for 20 minutes using a pulsed (1 second on, 1 second off) procedure. After the sonication, the solution turned black and was stable for a few hours without any noticeable precipitation. In the process of recovering Ag-GO, the mixture was transferred to a round-bottom flask and DMF was removed using a rotary evaporator. The remaining solid material was transferred to a centrifuge tube where it was washed with DI water and ethanol five times, respectively. The ethanol was dried by blowing nitrogen across the surface of the solution and the final Ag-GO product was recovered as a black powder.

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Abstract

A system and device for filtering fluids using graphene oxide (GO) is provided. GO-based filters may be used for the efficient removal of microorganisms from organic and aqueous liquids and may be used to prevent fuel biodeterioration. Functionalization of graphene oxide with reactive oxygen functional groups provides physical properties to the GO including high solubility in polar solvents, good colloidal properties, low production costs, low toxicity, and a large surface area which can be decorated with antimicrobial agents including nanosilver. GO may be used as a filtration media for efficient removal of bacteria and to remove small amounts of water from hydrocarbon fuels. The GO filter media may be made of a plurality of GO particles, a structural core coated with GO, a non-porous structural membrane coated with GO, or a filtering membrane coated with GO. A method for sampling impurities found in an environmental sample is also provided.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]The present application is filed under 35 U.S.C. 111(a) as a continuation of International Patent Application No. PCT / US2013 / 045378, filed Jun. 12, 2013, which international application designates the United States and claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61 / 658,483, filed Jun. 12, 2012.GOVERNMENT INTERESTS[0002]The present invention was federally funded, in part, by the Air Force Research Laboratory Fuels and Energy Branch—contract number FA8650-10-2-2934. The government has certain rights in the invention.BACKGROUND[0003]The present invention relates generally to the application of graphene oxide materials to the filtration of fluids.[0004]Microorganisms are known to colonize and biodeteriorate hydrocarbon fuels. Multiple species of bacteria have been isolated from fuel storage tanks, pipelines, and aircraft wing tanks. Some of the problems associated with microbial growth in aviation fuels include wing and storag...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): B01D39/00
CPCB01D39/00B01D2325/48B01D39/1692B01D2239/0407B01D2239/0442B01D2239/0478Y10T436/25C02F1/281B01D24/00B01D2101/02B01D71/0211
Inventor RUIZ, OSCAR N.FERNANDO, K.A. SHIRALBUNKER, CHRISTOPHER E.
Owner UNIV OF DAYTON
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