The invention relates to a distributed hash table (DHT) network-based anonymous communication method. With regard to three kinds of basic operations, including the resource publishing operation, the resource searching operation, and the resource transmission operation, of the traditional DHT network, a certain anonymous mechanism and security mechanism are introduced, thereby solving an anonymous communication problem in the DHT network. An anonymous mapping path is constructed at the resource publishing stage and a mapping node is determined, so that an anonymous base is provided for the resource publishing operation; a probabilistic forwarding strategy is used at the resource searching stage, so that the resource searching operation has the anonymous property; and at the resource loading and transmission stage, the mapping node is used as a relay node to carry out data transmission and combination with the session key encryption data is used, thereby guaranteeing the anonymous transmission and secure transmission of data. On the basis of combination of the three parts, sender anonymity, receiver anonymity, and communication relation anonymity are realized, thereby achieving objectives of user privacy protection and secure and stable operation of the whole DHT network.