The invention provides a lithium battery physical model based on self-healing characteristics and a charge/discharge monitoring system. The model includes battery open-circuit voltage Uoc and batteryinternal resistance Ri, which includes discharge resistance Rdis and charge resistance Rch and is connected with RC network, a capacitor Cs and a resistor Rs in parallel. The open-circuit voltage Uocdescribes voltage characteristics of the battery and the capacitor Cs describes capacity characteristics of same. With LabView 2012 as a software development platform, the charge/discharge monitoringsystem includes a voltage collection card, a power supply module, a circuit collection module and a relay module and meanwhile includes three loops of a constant current charging circuit, a constant voltage charging circuit, and a discharge circuit. By means of the model, a voltage describing function after the discharge status is converted into a standing status of the battery can be acquired; the model, for different self-healing time, can accurate describe the voltage change situation of the battery under the standing status. Error between simulative values and measured values of the modelcan be maintained in a stable range. The model has excellent accuracy.