The invention discloses an automatic targeting and spraying system. The automatic targeting and spraying system comprises an all-directional moving platform, an image acquisition device, a spraying device and a control device are mounted on the all-directional moving platform, and the control device is used for receiving and analyzing crop image information outputted by the image acquisition device and controlling operations of the spraying device and the all-directional moving platform; the spraying device comprises a drug container, a liquid outlet pipe, a delivery pump and a mechanical arm, one end of the liquid outlet pipe is communicated with the drug container while the other end of the liquid outlet pipe is connected with a spraying rod, a plurality of nozzles are fixed onto the spraying rod, the delivery pump is mounted on the liquid outlet pipe and used for pumping fertilizer or pesticide from the drug container into the liquid outlet pipe, and the spraying rod is fixed onto the mechanical arm; the image acquisition device comprises a CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) camera and a distance sensor, the CMOS camera and the distance sensor are fixed onto the mechanical arm. Since the CMOS camera, the distance sensor and the spraying rod are mounted on the mechanical arm, all-directional image acquisition of crops can be completed while pesticide or fertilizer can be sprayed on the crops intensively in all directions, and accordingly pesticide or fertilizer utilization rate is increased.