The invention discloses a special transport box for living aquatic products and a transport method. The method is characterized in that: the living aquatic products are treated at a low temperature so that the living aquatic products are transported in a dormancy state, the temperature of the transport box adopted during transporting is regulated through a cold-hot exchanger, and the aquatic products are partitioned by using layered trays to reduce the contact density of the aquatic products and avoid mechanical injury. The transport box consists of a box body, a temperature detector, a temperature control electromagnetic valve, a heat exchange valve, a cold exchange valve, the cold-hot exchanger, the layered trays, tray pores, an oxygen content measurement instrument, an oxygen inlet, an air exhaust port, an air inlet, an air inlet electromagnetic valve, an exhaust port electromagnetic valve and an oxygen generator. After the aquatic products are transported to the site, the aquatic products are resuscitated by adding oxygen and fresh seawater. The transport box has the characteristics of reasonable design, high transport number, little mechanical injury of the aquatic products, high survival rate and low cost.